Rabbis, Oral Torah and Halakhah - Mijn lesaantekeningen

19 important questions on Rabbis, Oral Torah and Halakhah - Mijn lesaantekeningen

Why did the Jews not consider the Semeritans part of their people?

Because they had different practices.

When is the catastrophe of the destruction of the second temple celebrated?

It's celebrated on Tisha B'Av (9th of Av)

What four answers were formulated as a way to deal with the event of the second temple's destruction? How did the people try to make sense of a world without the temple?

1. God was defeated
2. God allowed it. It was a punishment and the Jews are exiled, but will ultimately be restored.
3. End-time = Eschaton. A new age of prosperity will come.
4. It's an opportunity, the religion must progress from the temple.
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How did the Rabbis reestablish their convictions and unity as a people after the destruction of the temple?

Temple ideas became expanded to the Torah. Contact with the divine is through studying Torah. You can do this everywhere.

What is the Torah Ark in places of worship, and where is it located?

It is where the Torah scrolls are held and is always located on the wall closest to Jerusalem

How did the Jews travel after their exile from Jerusalem?

First to Yavneh, then to Galilee, into Tiberias

What was the Jewish court called who were trained in the Torah to perform legislations?

Sanhedrin

What were the two schools of interpreters that were respectively more lenient and stricter in their interpretations of the Torah?

1. Hillel
2. Shammai

Who was the first Rabbi in title?

Yahanan ben Zakkai

What happened when Judah Ha-Nasi (the prince) came to Galilee.

He established a patriarchal society, where his sons took over as heirs. They became leaders of the Rabbis. He was connected to the Romans, and because of his official position, gained importance and authority.

What are the first three generations of rabbis called and what are the works attributed to their thoughts and interpretations called?

1. Tannaim - Mishna
2. Amaraim - Gemara
3. Geonim - Talmud (combination of the two works above)

What is the point of the 'oven of Akhnai'?

It's about how the rabbis have to interact with each other in discussions, now that they have ascertained god-given authority to use their intellects to determine what the Torah means. They are not allowed to make personal attacks, based on how someone else uses their intellect to make a different interpretation than how the majority has ruled.

How many of the Mitzvots apply to whom (men, women and children)?

613 apply to men, only the negative ones apply to the children and women.

What is the Halakhah (to walk, or to follow the path)?

Summary of all instructions you should follow.

What are the two equally authoratitive Torahs?

The written Torah: 5 books
and the Oral Torah: the interpretations and conversations between the Rabbis of the Torah

Why is the oral Torah needed?

To give clearer descriptions on what is meant with ambiguous statements and instructions of the written Torah

What are the four components the Oral Torah is comprised of?

1. Mishnah (earliest written word of Moses' Oral Torah)
2. Tosefta (commentaries and additions to the Mishnah)
3. Gemara (Words of the second generation Rabbis)
4. Talmud (Combined Mishnah and Gemara)

Why is there both a Babylonian as well as a Palestinian Talmud?

Because the Gemara it is comprised of also had two editions, one in Galilei and one in Babylon.

Why is the commentary of Rashi from the 11th century considered important in the Oral Torah?

Because he is one guy who gave extensive commentary on all parts of the Talmud.

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