Powerpoint LtK
15 important questions on Powerpoint LtK
What is Idealism in Antiquity about?
What are the characteristics of Kant's universalism?
- The good does not exist; only the good will does exist;
- This good will is the universal principle that should guide our behavior;
- It is both a principle, and also a tool of epistemological way of looking for the good.
- The ambiguity at the same time is that Kant doesn't create a framework or theory, but takes the good will as a universal principle. Only the good will can serve as a universal principle to embrace and determine the good.
What is the danger of ethical theories that pretends that they are good in themself?
Being good in any circumstances is not laid in charactertraits, even self-control can't be but the good will.
It isn't what is to be achieved, usefulness, a goal, an objective - it is something in itself.
Rather, the will is good, because of how it wills, it is good in itself. It doesn't belong to realm being, but of the realm of becoming.
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Can the will be a moral, universal principle that guides our behaviour?
The universal principle of the will is that it submits itself to the law of the other - this law is universal, for it is categorical.
The good will must obey a law - a moral law because?
This universal law Kant calls an imperative -
the categorical imperative.
Categorical means - independent from context.
The first formulation of the categorical imperative
Imagine:
That it can applied to every situation.
An act is morally acceptable if, and only if, its maxims universalizable.
It is an exercise in modesty....
The second formulation of the categorical imperative.
Principle of humanity:
Not so much fairness as a universal principle (that is still a quality of the person), but the good will as a desire to treat the other as other, not as a means for myself.
The will, should never be instrumentalized, become a means. Why?
Human Reasoning (Vernunft) is not defined as a too to knowledge and control, but as the source of the will.
What is the particularity of the reason in relation to the good will?
Its proper function must be to produce a will that is good in itself;
Reason is used by the will to discover its own goodness; as a power, to assist the will.
The will can not be rationalized - the goodness of the will is not dependent on our reasoning.
Vernunft is the source of the will - reasoning
monologue interieur.
What is the praxis of reasoning according Aristotle?
Reason must therefore be made practical: must be subjected to duty. (Kant's Critique of Practical Reason (1788)
What is the only - overarching duty?
The duty is the incentive of the will.
What is the essence of Hannah Arendt (1907-1975) in relation to Kants' deontology?
- She proposes to name Kant's ethical theory a form of relationalism.
- The Categorical Imperative can only be successful because humans have Einbildungskraft; - Imagination - the capacity to imagine what the other experiences.
The good will strives to imagine the other, to receive the image of the other within myself as a guest. (Levinas - the image of God in the other!)
Ambition of Kants attempt:
Different type of universality, which is at the same time an epistomology of the deontology.
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