Caput Local adaptation of T(reg)cells
13 important questions on Caput Local adaptation of T(reg)cells
Which markers are specific for tissue resident T cells (Trm)?
How do the Trms react normally?
Those cells are normally in steady state but seem to indicate a fast respons in several places in the body when infection occurs at specific tissue.
"Human TRMs in diverse sites exhibit increased expression of adhesion and inhibitory molecules, produce both pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, and have reduced turnover compared with circulating TEM, suggesting unique adaptations for in situ immunity"
What is the role of tissue resident T cells in disease?
What is the role of Tcells in inflammatory bowel disease IBD?
Pathogenesis is multifactorial: the environment, microbioom and genetics also have influence.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What is the difference in tcell content in the different layers of the small intestine (lamina properia and epithelial layer).
Lamina propina tcells: Tcells (more tregs than in IET) and innate cells. The tcell content resembles tcell content in the perifery.
How is homing of tcells to respectively the lymphoid tissue, vessels, lamina propina and epithelium achieved?
Which important T cell subset is recently found that has a large impact on IBD?
These cells are present in both the Intestinal Epithelia and the Lamina Propina.
Explain the compartimentalization of the CD4CD8alfaalfa T cells in the colon.
- Three types of CD4CD8 cells in LPT have a more activated transcriptional profile (more TCR signalling, more NK-kb signalling, more oxidative phospohorylation) compared to IET (1)
- IET show an immune regulatory profile (more PD-1 and LAG3 expression, negative regulators of late and early respons) compared to LPT (2)
- LPT have a more cytotoxic/Trm profile compared to IET at steady state (3)
So
CD4CD8alfaalfa cells in LPT: Cytotoxic and active.
"" in IET: Immune regulatory
Both: Trm (tissue resident memory) upregulated.
What happens when steady state is "broken" (after stimulation with pathogen)?
Which mechanisms do tregs have to supress the immune system?
- Secretion of inhibitory cytokines
- Metabolic disruption
- Cytolysis
- Targeting dendritic cells
How do Tregs adapt when inflammation occurs?
So, the micro-environment shapes the type of effector program.
What are the feautures of Tregs and Teffs in the synovial fluid of patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA; common autoimmune disease with chronic inflammation in the cells).
SF Tregs show specific upregulation of effector markers (ICOS, GITR); "effector Tregs".
In SF-JIA tregs, several pathways are upregulated compared to other Tregs, such as IFNgamma signalling, IL12 signalling etc. This indicates a Th1 signature of these Trefs.
Which specific proteins are upregulated in Tregs in JIA-SF.
In which settings is the effector profile of Tregs also upregulated?
This program is environment independent (?)
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
