Air Law - Approaches

11 important questions on Air Law - Approaches

Instrument Approach Procedure types

  1. Straight-in approach
  2. Circling approach

Minimum Decision A/H Non-precision approach


Altitude or height at which a missed approachmust be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established

Instrument Approach Areas

‘Where track guidance is provided in the design of an instrument approach procedure, each of the five segments of the approach, i.e., arrival, initial, intermediate, final and missed approach, compromises a specified volume of airspace.’
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Accuracy of Facility Providing Track Guidance
ILS localiser

+-2.4 degrees

Descent Gradient goal


Adequate space is allowed for descent from the facility crossing altitude/height to the runway threshold for straight-in approach or to OCA/H for circling approaches.

Maximum permissible descent gradient

6.5%

Non-Precision Approaches “step down”

untill lowest allowable altitude is reached, called MDA (Minimum Decend Altitude)

Final Approach Fix


•On inbound track of procedure turn or;
•Base turn  or;
•Final inbound leg of race track procedure

If there is no FAF:

•The inbound track is final approach segment

Missed Approach phases

1.Initial (at MAPt)
2.Intermediate (Climb-out to 50m OCA)
3.Final (50 M OCA can be maintained until proceeding)

Descent below MDA/H shouldnotbe made until:


•Visual reference has been established and can be maintained
•The pilot has the landing threshold in sight; and
•The required obstacle clearance can be maintained and the aircraft is in a position to carry out a landing

RNAV approach the factors on which the navigational accuracy of the

•Ground station tolerance
•Airborne receiving system tolerance
•Flight technical tolerance
•System computation tolerance
•Distance from reference facility

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