The Neo-functionalist perspective : Nonaka's knowledge creation theory and the tacit-explicit knowledge distinction
11 important questions on The Neo-functionalist perspective : Nonaka's knowledge creation theory and the tacit-explicit knowledge distinction
There is Nonaka's model of knowledge creation: what is meant with knowledge creation?
How is management defined by Nonaka?
How is knowledge defined according to Nonaka?
Two types of knowledge: tacit and explicit.
Knowledge is; dynamic, context-specific, humanistic, active, subjective, relational
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What are the two types of knowledge according to Nonaka and what are their characteristics?
- Highly personal and hard to formalise
- subjective insights, intuitions and hunches
- rooted in action, procedures, routines, commitments, values, ideals, emotions
- indwells in cognisance of human mind and body
- difficult to communicate
2 Explicit knowledge:
- can be expressed in formal and systematic language
- can be shared in the form of data, formulae, specifications, manuals etc.
- can be processed, transmitted and stored easily
According to Nonaka there is a need to recognize tacit and explicit knowledge as complementary and both essential for knowledge creation
What does knowledge conversion mean?
=personal subjective knowledge is validated, connected to and synthesized with other's knowledge. Particular and tentative knowledge created from an individuals values and experiences is shared and justified by other members of the organization.
Draw Nonaka's knowledge spiral in a table and give examples (SECI)
What are according to Nonaka knowledge assets? Can you name all 4 types of knowledge assets? And what is mapping?
4 types of knowledge assets:
1 Experiental: tacit knowledge such as skills and know how
2 Conceptual: explicit knowledge expressed through images, symbols and language.
3 Systemic: explicit knowledge such as product specifications, manuals, documented information
4 Routine: tacit knowledge, routinized and embedded in actions and practices
Mapping: stocks of knowledge assets to facilitate effective knowledge creation and exploitation.
What should happen with ba (4 things) and what do these things consist of?
2 Find. Capture ba as it emerges and help its formation by watching people interact
3 Connect. Facilitate interactions between ba and people based on the knowledge vision
4 Energise. Give energy and quality to ba so that it facilitates SECI process by: autonomy, creative chaos, redundancy, requisite variety, love care trust and commitment.
What are the different things needed to energize ba? And explain these terms.
2 Fluctuation and creative chaos:
Fluctuation: see changes in external environment and use this to improve their own knowledge systems.
Creative chaos: een crisis of breakdown van routine om als kans om het fundamentele denken/perspectief te heroverwegen en om dialoog aan te sporen.
3 Redundancy: expres informatie over business activiteiten laten overlappen om tacit knowledge te stimuleren.
4 Requisite variety: kan worden gecreerd als iedereen bij zoveel mogelijk informatie kan om input te geven en bij te dragen aan oplossingen voor toekomstige problemen.
What are critiques on Nonaka's knowledge creation theory?
(3) And what are the replies of Nonaka to these criticisms? (3)
2 Theory assumes to be universal but it is not
3 Model has conceptual problems
Replies:
1 This criticism has been contested itself: there is, a lot
2 Not adressed by Nonaka
3 Knowledge is still defined as 'justified true belief'. The relationship between tacit and explicit knowledge is conceptualized differently now. Tacit can not be made fully explicit, rather both exist in a continuum.--> thus these are inseperable
Give a summary of the Neo-functionalist discourse:
Epistemological assumption: dualism.
-Either or logic
-Explicit knowledge is privileged
-Knowledge is perceived as asset/ object
Social order dimension: consensus.
-Knowledge is a vehicle for growth, perfection and equilibrium.
-Knowledge as neutral/ unrelated to power
Knowledge based theory of the firm
-Knowledge society
-Knowledge as THE strategic asset
-Distinctive knowledge processes
-Conditions for successful knowledge processes (contingency)
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