Learning, unlearning and socio-cultural factors

12 important questions on Learning, unlearning and socio-cultural factors

What are the 4 types of unlearning and forgetting? (add source of knowledge + mode of forgetting--> the scheme)

Scheme of unlearning and forgetting

What two statements can you make about unlearning and emotional impact?

- Learning and unlearning triggered by a mismatch between expected and actual consequences
- The more sudden and unexpected the mismatch, the higher the emotional impact

What do you know about coercive persuasion and unlearning?

- Unlearning only occurs when survival anxiety is greater than learning anxiety
- Survival in organizations:
+Preventing organizational collapse
+surviving reorganizations, downsizing etc.
- Deep unlearning often involves a psychologically painful forced choice situation
- Critique of double loop and generative learning concepts (Argyris and Schon, Senge)
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What is knowledge leakage?

- Disclosure of confidential organizational knowledge which, when intercepted, may significantly erode or impact the competitive advantage of the firm from which the knowledge leaked: accidental, deliberate (opzettelijk), tacit, explicit.

How can we protect knowledge?

- Tacit: restrictions on spreading info and also training to not spread info by employees
- Explicit; protection of source. Restrictions, restrictions of access to specific information and controlling who was access to what info.

How do human, social and cultural factors influence processes of knowledge management?

- Share/ hoard dilemma
- Employment relationship
- Conflict
- Interpersonal trust
- Group identity
- National culture
- Personality

What is the share/ hoard dilemma?

- Knowledge sharing;
advantage; intrinsic reward of sharing, group/ organizational benefits, material reward, enhanced individual status.
disadvantage; can be time consuming, potentially giving away a source of power to others
Knowledge hoarding (free riding);
Advantage; avoids risk of giving away and losing a source of power/ status
Disadvantage; extent of knowledge may not be understood or recognized

How does employment relationship influence KM?

- Tensions in employer- employee relationships in business organisations;

who owns knowledge?
for what purpose is knowledge used?
participate in intra-organizational knowledge forums?  
procedural justice and fairness

How does conflict influence KM?

-Conflicts are typically neglected in mainstream KM literature
-but are important in critical and dialogical perspectives

-Argyris and Schon; conflicts over errors and 'blaming' are typically avoided or solved 'diplomatically' (model)

-Behavioral theory of the firm; the firm is an adaptive political coalition, confronting internal conflicts of interests (March)

How does group identity influence KM?

The more persons feel to be part of and identity with their organization, the more willing they are to share knowledge with others within that organization, but the less willing they are to share knowledge with others outside that organization

How does national culture influence KM?

Dimensions 5

How does interpersonal trust influence KM?

- trust is expected in both ways, in order for both parties to benefit
- the more trust persons have in others, the more willing they are to share knowledge with these others

There are two types of trust;
1 Cognitive-based; trust in someone's ability because he or she has done it before in the past (and thus has experience)
2 Affect-based; an emotional form of trust based on strength of personal relation between people, developed over time, where a sense of mutual care exists

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