Intestinal microbiota
5 important questions on Intestinal microbiota
What are the microbiota's contributions?
Degradation of (undigested) diet components
- extra energy, SCFAs
Production of specific nutrients
- essential nutrients: vitamins, amino acids, co-factors etc.;
Removal or conversion of damaging components
Training and modulation of host immune system
- maintenance of barrier;
Colonization-resistance of pathogens
- competitition for space.
What are the microbiota's challenges?
All microbiota are opportunistic;
Risk of infection;
Damaging bacterial metabolic products;
Immune system dysbalance.
What do the microbiota consist of?
It is dominated by bacteria and there are small populations of Archaea and Eukarya (yeast and fungi).
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What are the microbiota population number throughout the GI tract?
Stomach: 10^0 - 10^4 bact/ml
SI: 10^4 - 10^8 bact/ml
Colon: 10^10 - 10^11 bact/ml
How many cells and genes are of microbial origin in a host?
Cell: 10-fold of human cells: 90%
Genes: 100-fold of human genes: 99%
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