Reproductive system - Male reproductive system

8 important questions on Reproductive system - Male reproductive system

Which hormones are released for spermiogenesis?

In male mammals, the hypothalamus releases GnRH, which causes the anterior pituitary to release FSH (and LH). LH stimulates the interstitial (Leydig) cells of testes to produce testosterone. FSH stimulates the nurse (sustentacular / Sertoli) cells in testes which, in the presence of testosterone, promotes spermiogenesis. Sperm are continually produced in the seminiferous tubules and stored in the epididymis. The vas (ductus) deferens transports sperm by peristaltic contractions to the ejaculatory ducts. Here the sperm mix with semen from the seminal vesicles (which capacitates them) and prostate fluid before being ejaculated through the urethra.

How are the bag of skin called that carry the testes and why are they located there?

Scrotal sacs (scrotum)

The reason why the test are located in bag of skin is because sperm need temperature between 2-10 degrees (lower than the body temperature to develop), that's why the balls hangs below the body and where evaporation of secretions from special glands can further reduce the temperature.

Of how much sperm does semen consist of?

10% semen, 90% fluid
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What are the three accessory glands involved in producing secretion in which sperm are suspended?

  • Seminal vesicle (important in rats, bulls boars, and stallions but not present in cats or dogs)
    • produce secretion that maks up much of the volume of the semen and transport/provide nutrients for the sperm


  • Prostate gland (important in humans and dogs)
    • produces an alkaline secretion that neutralises the acidity of the male urethra and female vagina


  • Cowper's gland (bulbourethral gland)
    • secretion may lubricate, flush out urine or form a gelatinous plug that traps the semen in the female reproductive system after copulation and prevents other males os the same species fertilising an already mated female (absent in bears)

What is in the penis of dogs, bears, seals, bats and rodents?

A special bone which helps maintain the erection

What are the three parts sperm is made up of?

  • Head, contains a prominent haploid nucleus which carries the genetic material and also an acrosome (an organelle that develops over the anterior (front) half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of humans, and many other animals)
  • Midpiece, containing many mitochondria to provide the energy
  • Tail, provide propulsion

What is the difference between infertility and impotence?

Infertility, When there are to many abnormal sperm or when the sperm concentration is low, the semen may not be able to fertilise an egge and the animal is infertile

Impotence, is the inability to copulate (having sexual intercourse) successfully

What is inseminate females?

When male are artificially stimulated to ejaculate and the semen is collected and placed in the female

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