Language Disorders FINAL
43 important questions on Language Disorders FINAL
A clinical syndrome
Patients exhibits progressive language deterioration
No stroke, tumor, etc. has been identified
Looks similar to dementia but happens progressively
Work on an underlying process in hopes that it has a larger impact
Belief that all people with aphasia have an underlying comprehension of auditory deficit
Improved auditory comprehension improves overall language ability
Target Auditory Stimulation
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
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Targeting functional language tasks for adults with aphasia
Treatment focuses on those skills that are important to daily life activities
Constant review of vocabulary words
Diagnostic is different than therapy
When people have weak memory
Not a language disorder
Cognitive disorder
Memory has a lot to do with it
Alzheimer's is the most common
-can be early onset
-not always this disease
Linguistic
-speech
-gestural/sign language
-visual
Reading and Writing
Any way that you can compose a message
Anything that we can use to get our point across
Sign language/Communication Board
Low tech device (battery operated)
Add on to existing ability
Covers a person's lifespan
When natural speech is not meeting their communication needs, strategies this to their current communication
Different way to communicate
For those who are non-speaking, strategies are this to natural speech
People who use these strategies are referred to as AAS users
Strategies that improve communication for those who are non-speaking
natural speech does not meet their needs for functional communication
Communication opens doors- literally and figuratively
May allow a person to maintain:
-a job
-a personal life
-get married
-participate in school
A stroke occurring after the build-up of plaque on the inner walls of a vessel, which blocks the flow of blood
A stroke that results from the traveling of a clot from the location at which it forms
A stroke occurring after the bursting of arterial walls in the brain due to aging or high blood pressure; results in intense inflammation and swelling of the surrounding brain tissue
The accumulation of blood below the skin or within the brain
Those which extend to matter within the brain tissue such as those that occur as a result of a hemorrhagic stroke
A deficiency of blood caused by blockage or constriction, usually from within an artery
Necrotic, or dead, tissue that occurs as a sequela to an ischemic attack
1) A transient ischemic attack
2) A reversible ischemic neurological deficit
3) A stroke in evolution
4) A completed stroke
An x-ray study to evaluate the flow of blood in the arteries
A computerized reconstruction of anatomic structures, created when narrow x-ray beams focus on a single plane as the scanner rotates around a structure, such as the patient's head
The observation of patterns of radioactivity in the brain through position emission tomography
The administration of automatic speech takes after the injection of sodium amytal into the left or right carotid artery to temporarily paralyze one hemisphere
The measurement of electrical activity of the brain taken from electrodes placed on the scalp to detect abnormal neurological signs
For clinician to provide release and support the client's frustrations
Major goal should be to remove discomfort by promoting sense of well-being and acceptance
Important to explain the purpose of the interview so everyone is clear as to why the info. is being gathered and how it will be used in evaluation and treatment process
Sensory nerve fibers that carry the impulses that arise from stimulation of the sensory end organs to the central nervous system
The lack of sensation on either the right or the left side of the body
The inability to perceive, integrate, and attach meaning to incoming sensory stimuli
Motor nerve fibers that carry impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs
1) naming ability or presence of anomia
2) word fluency in conversational speech
3) auditory comprehension
4) word or sentence repetition
The unintended substitution of one word or sound for another
Invented words that the patient creates and uses in place of the target word
Weakness or incomplete paralysis of either the right or left side of the body
The lesion is in the arcuate fascicles or the association tracts, that connect Wernicke's and Broca's areas
Damage occurs to the posterior superior temporal cortex and inferior parietal cortex
More anterior the lesion, less fluent the speech
Hallmark symptom is significant deficit in verbal repetition
Fluent
Damage in the parietal-temporal junction area posterior to Wernicke's area is the main lesion in transcortical sensory aphasia
Ability to repeat remains intact
As in Wenicke's aphasia, patients with transcortical sensory aphasia have limited auditory and visual comprehension of words and significant word-finding deficits
Most common etiological factor in TSA is vascular disease
Fluent
The lesion that produces what is commonly referred to as Broca's aphasia is much larger than Broca's area
Non-fluent Aphasia
Characterized by telegraphic speech
The person understands what's being said to them, but has difficulty with motor speech output
Most devastating and pervasive of all the aphasia syndromes
Damage is the perisylvian region
Will have difficulty understanding and producing speech
3 types of this aphasia
Fluent, pauses for word retrieval; press of speech; lacks content; jargon; monologue-like
Good articulation
Poor to severely impaired auditory comprehension
Poor reading comprehension
Poor; neologisms Naming
Mechanically good writing but lacks content
Word strings empty of content but syntactically correct
Little to non error awareness
Doubtful Echolalia
Semantic Paraphasias
Poor Repetitions due to decreased auditory comprehension
Possibly visual disturbances
Poor reading aloud
No paralysis or paresis
Fluent, but frequent use of inappropriate words; good intonation
Good articulation
Good auditory comprehension
Good reading comprehension
Very poor naming
Poor to dictation writing but good volitionally
Present error awareness
No Echolalia
Phonemic paraphasias
Very poor repetitions
Variable visual disturbances
Poor reading aloud
Rare paralysis or paresis
Fluent; discourse incoherent and circumlocutory; lacks content; uses stereotypical phrases
Good articulation
Poor auditory comprehension
Poor reading comprehension
Very poor naming; produces long, unrelated sentences
Poor writing
Word strings empty of content but syntactically correct
Little to none error awareness
Present echolalia
Semantic or neologistic paraphasias
Good repetitions
Frequently visual disturbances
Good reading aloud
Rare paralysis or paresis; mild if occurs
Nonfluent, decreased verbal output, paucity of speech, difficulty initiating speech
Poor articulation
Good auditory comprehension
Good reading comprehension
Poor naming
Poor writing, letters are large and clumsily produced
Possibly agrammatic, reduced complexity
Probably error awareness
Maybe echolalia
No paraphasias
Excellent repetitions
Rare visual disturbances
Poor reading aloud
Probably paralysis or paresis, often right hemiparesis
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- Never study anything twice again
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- 100% sure, 100% understanding
