Mitochondria, apoptosis, and the BCL-family - Apoptosis
4 important questions on Mitochondria, apoptosis, and the BCL-family - Apoptosis
What is programmed cell death or apoptosis?
- Evolutionary conserved
- regulated process to remove unwanted cells: trigger-decision-execution
- Breakdown of cell: nucleus, organelles, membrane
- Clearance of debris by surrounding tissue (macrophage)
- Failure in apoptosis results in pathology
What is the process of apoptosis?
- Cells damaged, stressed or triggered by body signals, begin apoptosis
- Cell begins to shrink and form blebs. Proteins are activated to break down cellular components
- Enzymes break down the nucleus and the cell emits signals to attract macrophages
- Cell breaks into several smaller pieces containing the cell components and destroyed nucleus
- Macrophages recognise the cell parts and remove them from the body
What is the role of mitochondrion? And in cell death?
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- ATP producition
- Cells stress responder
- by creating pores in memebrane of the mitochondrion which leaks then Cyt C into cytosol and becomes a co-factor for apoptosis
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What are the 4 major steps in apoptosis?
- Caspases
- Death receptors (TNF, TNFR family)
- Bcl-2 family
- Bcl-2 like
- Bax/Bak like
- BH3
- Mitochondria as central sensor
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