Membrane lipids
6 important questions on Membrane lipids
What are the 3 function of the cell membrane?
- Barrier function (between compartments)
- membrane movement
- Sensing/signalling
What are the components of phospholipids and triglycerides?
- polar group
- glycerol
- 2 fatty acid chains
Triglycerides
- Glycerol
- 3 fatty acid
- Used as fuel and energy storage
- insoluble/hydrophobic, thus never in a membrane!
What are the difference between PC, PE, PS?
- Phosphaldyl choline (PC)
- outside of cell membrane
- Phosphaldyl ethanolamine (PE)
- inside of cell membrane
- Phosphaldyl serine (PS)
- outside of cell membrane
- inside of cell membrane
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How is ceramide synthesised?
- From saturated FA palmitate
- Gangliosides: sphingolipids with sugars (oligosaccharide-chain) attached
Can have lysosomal storage disorder
What are the 3 functions of cholesterol?
- Membrane flexibility
- when present → more stiff
- Bile acids formation (in liver)
- transported lipids in or out the intestine
- Excess cholesterol secretion via bile → Gallstones
- Steroids hormones
- Steroid hormones bind to nuclear receptors (transcription factors) which regulate gene expression
- Cortisol "fight and flight"
- suppresses immune system
- enhanced glucoeogenesis, enhanced insulin
- circadian rhythm (sleep awake)
- Addison disease
- Vitamine D
- to little: problems with bones, depression, cancer and immune system
- to much: toxic
How does SREBP stay in ER?
- Sterol is binding to SCAP which is attached to INSIG so SREBP stays inhibited.
Active "not enough cholesterol"
- no sterol is binding SCAP which then changes shape, and releases and activates INSIG which can travel to Golgi and activate SREBP gene expression
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