Lit 5: Strategy: Responsible competitiveness

20 important questions on Lit 5: Strategy: Responsible competitiveness

What is strategic management?

Looks at how businesses can achieve sustainable competitive advantages via different facets of organisational strategy implementation

What is shared value?

Core of strategic corporate responsibility: it is the co-creation of business value complementing value for society and environment

What are the 4 phases of the strategic management process?

1. Define vision, mission and strategic objectives of the firm
2. Analyse internal and external environments
3. Formulate strategy
4. Implement and evaluate strategy
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What are the 2 perspectives on the value proposition?

1. Broad perspective - (business case perspective) how can business gain advantage from any activity related to society and environment (and generate social value)
2. Narrow perspective - how do responsible business practices relate to strategic management (and generate profit)

What is a strategic competitive advantage?

The position of an organisation that is advantageous in comparison with peers' positions

What is responsible competitiveness?

Goal of the narrow SM perspective: achieving strategic competitive advantage in which economic competitive advantage is achieved with social and environmental factors being competitive as well

What is a vision statement?

Lays out desired end state of what an organisation will be and do

What are the 2 theories in SWOT analysis?

1. Resource-based model - VRIN to create value for society
2. Environmental model - how to create value for stakeholders

What are inside-out linkages?

Refer to how internal environment affects the external. Outside-in linkages refer to the opposite effect. Firms try to capitalise on these linkages to achieve responsible competitiveness

How are the internal and external environment analysed?

1. Internal: value chain analysis
2. External: Porter's 5 forces

What are the 3 strategic levels of a firm?

1. Corporate level - which markets, horizontal/vertical integration, diversification, etc.
2. Business (unit) level
3. Functional level - for individual business functions

What are the 4 ways to approach CSR as a business?

1. Inactive - market failure
2. Reactive - negative externalities
3. Active - positive externalities
4. Proactive - systems and commons solutions

What are positive and negative externalities?

Positive externalities are benefits that a third-party enjoys thanks to an economic transaction. Contrastingly, a negative externality is a cost a third-party carries because of an economic transaction

What are the inactive way to approach CSR as a business?

1. Inactive - corporate self responsibility, used for reducing costs and maximising profit

logic:
not being irresponsible
reducing costs with help of ecology
obeying the law (to not incur extra costs in the form of fines)

challenges:
lack of entrepreneurship
ecology > social > economic
short-term orientation

What is the reactive way to approach CSR as a business?

2. Reactive - corporate social responsiveness, attempting to limit reputational loss

logic:
reputation is key value
limits losses when problems appear
deal with negative externalities

challenges:
improvisation over solution
PR: window dressing, philanthropy
greenwashing - internal effects

What is the active approach to CSR as a business?

3. Active - corporate social responsibility, purpose is both strategic and moral

Logic:
social enterprise, entry strategy
big companies, purpose driven
linked to future market growth needs - positive externalities

challenges:
niche: scaling, valley of death
systems do not change - crowding out responsibilities
internal alignment in big companies

What is the proactive approach to CSR as a business?

4. Proactive - corporate societal responsibility, trying to achieve systemic and new economy

logic:
fix the system in order to survive
first mover advantage
business is about networking

challenges:
creating the right partnership
negative frames in society
intention > realisation

What are the 2 key activities of strategy implementation?

1. Hardwiring - aligning business infrastructure, corporate governance and organisational structure with overarching strategy
2. Softwiring  - human and knowledge components of strategy implementation

What is the bystander effect?

The higher the number of people, the less people are inclined to help out in a certain situation, as it diminishes the sense of responsibility.

What is a wicked problem?

A problem that is very complex and requires a high degree of intelligence and information just to be undecided about them

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