Lit 9: Responsible business in a global environment

27 important questions on Lit 9: Responsible business in a global environment

What are the 4 questions internationally involved businesses deal with?

1. How can we responsibly combat the challenges and grasp the opportunities that globalisation brings with it
2. In what form should we set up responsible business infrastructure in different countries
3. How can we manage global business activities in a responsible manner
4. How can we deal responsibly with the issues posed by managers' international activity

What are the 4 phases of Globally responsible management?

1. Understanding glocalisation
2. Assessing the global position - benchmarking against globally responsible business codes
3. Mapping global business activity
4. Managing glocally

What are the 7 key drivers of globalisation?

1. Global media
2. Global communication technology and internet access
3. Global transportation
4. Emergence of global standards
5. Rise of BRICS
6. Anti-globalisation movements and global non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
7. Global challenges and opportunities
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What are the 5 main globalisation trends that affect businesses?

1. Decrease in the political power of countries with MNCs
2. Tendency towards global personal identity and both personal and professional relations instead of affiliating with a specific country or culture
3. MNCs taking on country-level responsibilities (e.g. Provision of public services)
4. The rise of global stakeholder organisations (especially in NGOs)
5. Increase in number of self-regulatory organisations

What are the 2 main approaches to responsible business and CSR?

1. Explicit CSR - business policies that only target some of the societal interests. The basis is formed by voluntary activities which rely on the willingness of individual corporations to meet certain stakeholder expectations
2. Implicit CSR - refers to the fact that the role of corporations includes a concern for societal interests. It is baed on values, norms and rules in collective terms

What are the 4 local dimensions of Porter and Kramer's diamond model on national competitive advantage?

1. Context for firm strategy and rivalry
2. Factor (production inputs) conditions
3. Local stakeholder demand conditions
4. Related and supporting networks and industries

What is international business

Refers to all commercial transactions (e.g. Sales, transportation and investments that take place between two or more countries

What are the 6 categories of international firms?

1. Globally sourcing companies - domestic activities based on foreign markets' supply chains
2. Export businesses - produce goods with the sole aim of selling them to foreign markets
3. International mentality businesses - prioritise adaption to national cultural differences
4. Global companies - produce standardised products to be sold in markets worldwide
5. Transnational firms - attempts to combine global efficiency with local responsiveness

What are Carroll's 4 phases to achieve global business responsibility?

1. Economic responsibility - achieve profitability (required by global capitalism)
2. Legal responsibility - obey the law (required by global stakeholders)
3. Ethical responsibility - be ethical (expected by global stakeholders)
4. Philanthropic responsibility (be a good global corporate citizen. Act in accordance with what is desired by global stakeholders)

What are the 4 main factors managers need to consider before engaging in international business decisions?

1. Global stakeholders
2. Global externalities
3. Fairness of distribution
4. International development

What is BoP sourcing?

Base of the pyramid sourcing. Refers to the sourcing activities of a company and the resources to SMEs in countries at the bottom of the pyramid (those belonging to the bottom 60% of annual income)

In what ways could global trade be improved?

1. Responsible trade
2. Sustainable trade
3. Fair trade
4. Ethical trade

What is responsible trade?

Practices that keep potential negative externalities pertaining to international business transactions to a minimum

What is sustainable trade?

Trade which tries to achieve triple-bottom line optimisation

What is fair trade?

A trading partnerships in which dialogue, transparency and respect are key and which looks to achieve greater equity in international trade

What is ethical trade?

Trade which aims for moral excellence in the global supply chain

What is foreign market seeking?

When companies try to expand their activities to foreign markets

What are the 3 most popular forms of sustainable market entry?

1. Sustainable market innovation
2. Sustainable infrastructure provision
3. Based of the pyramid ventures
4. International subsidiaries (through mergers, acquisitions and foreign direct investments)
5. Global strategic alliances

What are international subsidiaries?

Business units of the firm located in foreign markets

What are global strategic alliances?

Medium-/ long-term relationships set up to achieve a common purpose of the involved parties

What are the 3 main types of strategic alliances?

1. Scale alliances - sharing similar assets and experience in different fields
2. Link alliances - sharing of complementary assets to facilitate expansion into new markets
3. Vertical and horizontal alliances - cooperating by moving up the value chain or on the same value level

What is cross-national diversity management?

The management of a workforce which is composed of both citizens and immigrants in different countries. It requires a globally inclusive workplace, where differences within the workforce are valued and fostered

What is cultural competence?

Necessary skill for intercultural managers that refers to the ability to both understand and manage employees in various cultural contexts

What are cross-cultural ethics?

Ethical decision-making influenced by values of different cultures

How should managers overcome cross-cultural ethical problems?

Look at universal values that translate across all cultures, e.g. Justice, honesty, etc.

What are the 3 forms of cross-cultural ethical conflicts?

1. When values of two cultures seem to result in mutually exclusive conclusions of right and wrong
2. When a certain aspect is morally significant in one culture, but not to another
3. When cultures attach a similar level of importance to an ethical issue, but have different ideas on how it should be solved

What is the main task leaders have?

Create direction and alignment, and maintain commitment

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