Lit 6: Value-added Businesses and Entrepreneurship

18 important questions on Lit 6: Value-added Businesses and Entrepreneurship

What is a value-added venture?

A task/ set of tasks involving some risk and potential rewards that provides a form of social value

What is the main goal of social entrepreneurship?

Creating a value-added venture. Socialising the company and create both internal and external social value.

What are the 2 phases to becoming a value-added venture?

1. Understanding social entrepreneurship
2. Envision pathway
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How can you create internal social value?

By having democratic organisational structures with more stakeholder involvement in decision making

How can you create external social value?

Through the realisation of social missions that benefit society

What are the 3 perspectives of social entrepreneurship?

1. Social innovation - realises value-added ventures in the form of innovation in a firm's structures, processes and products. The entrepreneur themselves are the most important unit for social entrepreneurship
2. Social mission and value proposition emphasis - a company's value proposition is put into practice and measured for social impact. This mission is defined in terms of achieving social transformation
3. Socialised ownership and control - creates democratic decision-making model that emphasises democratic principles and inclusion of major stakeholder groups. Promotes mutuality and reciprocity

What is the socialisation perspective?

Has a relationship orientation that prioritises stakeholders working as a collective to develop a socially sound economy. Is part of the goals of social entrepreneurship

What is the social purpose perspective?

Has task orientation perspective that focuses on social innovations and goals of social entrepreneurs in a market economy.

What is Pearce's Three Systems of the Economy model?

Divides the economy in 3 systems:
1. First system: Private and profit oriented
2. Second system: Public service and planned provision
3. Third system: Non-profit, includes organisations based on reciprocity that engage in a form of social activity

What are the partnerships that can be formed between the 3 sectors of the economy?

2. PPP - public-private partnerships (between 1 and 2)
2. PPnPP - public-private non-profit partnerships (2 and 3)
3. PnPP - profit non-profit partnerships (1 and 3)

What are the 2 perspectives on social enterprises as they're positioned in the 3rd system (Pearce)?

1. Defourny's argument: social enterprises are rooted within 3rd system between cooperatives (that promote reciprocity and market exchange) and non-profits (that promote reciprocity and redistribution)
2. Pearce's: social enterprises are a subsector sitting between voluntary and charity organisations (that engage in redistribution and reciprocal relationships and the private sector (that promotes market exchange)

What are the 4 types of project priorities in the Wei-Skillern model?

1. Supplementary (high level of mission-related social impact, low level of surplus generation capability (profitability))
2. Disposable (low, low)
3. Integral (high, high)
4. Sustaining (low, high)

What are the 4 steps in moving from the private sector to the social economy?

1. Employee ownership and financial participation
2. Participative management such as introduction of soft HRM practices
3. Cooperative management and use of social councils to supervise management practice
4. Cooperative ownership and the establishment of a cooperative legal entity

What is new public management?

Looks at improving public administration to increase its efficiency

What are the broad and narrow definitions of a fiduciary duty?

Narrow: agency relationship between a capital provider and manager
Broad: relationship between society and the manager

What are the different forms of leadership?

Transactional:
Laissez faire
Management by exception
Contigent reward

Transformational
Individualised consideration
Intellectual stimulation
Inspirational motivation
Idealised influence

Why is authenticity necessary in leadership?

1. Maximisation of stakeholder value is difficult if leader doesn't truly care
2. If public and private morals are not in sync, ethical leaders prove very ineffective
3. Carrying out messages of sustainability while actually only caring about profits may lead to claims of greenwashing

How can you become an authentic leader?

1. Know your authentic self
2. Practice your values and principles
3. Balance extrinsic and intrinsic motivations
4. Build support team
5. Integrate life by staying grounded
6. Empower others to lead

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