Short-term memory & working memory
18 important questions on Short-term memory & working memory
What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?
Sensory store with attention --> ST or WM (unrehearsed info lost in 10-15 seconds)
- Maintenance rehearsle to keep information in store
WM can encode to and retrieve from LTM
What did Sperling show about Iconic memory?
Why can't you use an arrow when testing iconic partial reproduction?
Arrow is iconic information so it might override.
Use a sound instead
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
How do you test echoic memory?
What are characteristics of the short-term store (STS)?
- Limited capacity (Miller: 7 +-2 chunks)
- Serial processing (rehearsal) required
What does a Brown-Peterson task show about STS?
The longer the 2nd task --> Worse retrieval
How can you test the difference between decay and interference in STS?
Interference: other information that has to be processed.
Task:16 digit list --> Only 1 number was repeated.
- Time between each number being said: Decay (1 per second or 4 per second)
- Numbers in between first mention & repeat: interference
Conclusions on this task:- Decay had no influence, interference had.
(but they only used 4 subjects)
What is the Suffix effect?
Additional item (suffix): Word zero or sound by buzzer.
Results: Buzzer --> Much higher recency effect than word zero
What stands out in a reproduction task in Amnesia patients?
- Normal recency effect
What are findings of the effect of word characteristics in a recall task?
but: If they are semantically the same (big, great, huge) --> No lower recall percentage
What is the influence of syllables in numbers?
Four vs Quatro
What tests are evidence for the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
- Island task: Takes longer if the point on the island is further away?
What is a visual memory span?
Which block has changed?
Are Humans the smartest when it comes to visualspatial sketchpads?
Theory: Visual information needed if you have to climb and jump quickly in the jungle.
How can you improve working memory?
What is the irrelevant speech effect?
You can study better with no music
What is the phonological similarity effect?
Performance not as bad when the words in the list rhyme,
worse when they are alliterative(share same beginning sound),
worst when both of these are occuring throughout the list.
What is the lexicality effect?
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
