Horst and graben systems ( faults )

5 important questions on Horst and graben systems ( faults )

Which are lower? Horsts or grabens?

Grabens

What benefit could outcrops have for human relaxation? Explain why this happens geologically.

Thermal hotsprings! A thermal hotspring occurs due to a fault, causing a certain area to drop, potentially filling with river sediments. As it may be surrounded by higher mountainous areas, this specific lower area will have a higher temperature. Another/additional possibility is thermal water upflow due to subvertical fractures.

What are characteristics of horst and graben systems (faults) in unconsolidated rocks with important consequences for GW - name 3.

  • Layers with different conductivity next to each other (e.g. high next to low)
  • Flexure fine grained material
  • Fe and Mn precipitation
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What are characteristics of horst and graben systems (faults) in consolidated rocks with important consequences for GW flow?


FAULTS INCREASE CONDUCTIVITY IN CONSOLIDATED ROCKS
o increased fractures
o stronger karstification ( limestones )

What could be contamination issues as a result of hydrogeological properties of faults (e.g. As Victor studied in Greece)


  • Nitrate from farming infiltrating aquifers along faults
  • Salinity upconing along faults from saline intrusion


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