Limestone areas

7 important questions on Limestone areas

What is the formula for karstification. You may split it up in the processes: dissolving CO2 gas, further split up of at increaging pH, dissolving chalk

See fig.

Where's your favourite sort of tower karst and what's a geological description for this?

China & Vinales Cuba! Dissolving limestone

Where's your favourite cave system of karst?

Mexico and Slovenia
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Mention 4 different names for sinkholes related to dissolving limestone, of which 2 are related to the cause of sinking. How does this relate to GW?

- Doline
- Cenote
- Solution sinkhole
- Cover collapse sinkhole

Groundwater development induced by karst: collapsed doline

Explain the 2 hydrogeological units on top of the Floridan aquifer system that is based on paleokarst carbonate bedrock (dolomite/limestone) and how this influences water flow through the aquifer system.

See fig

Name the 3 layers of the Floridan aquifer system that is based on paleokarst carbonate bedrock (dolomite/limestone).

Note: these are not visible in the left graph!

In which layers in the Floridan aquifer system do sinkholes occur? Which two types can be distinguished and how do they differ?

Solution sinkholes: limestone at or near land surface, sink due to solution (chem weathering) of limestone.

Cover-collapse sinkhole: could breach the confining unit(clay) in the mantle/overburden (clay, sand), allowing water to flow into the Upper Floridan aquifer. Not sure why they collapse.

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