Neuropsychological problems in MS and Epilepsy

5 important questions on Neuropsychological problems in MS and Epilepsy

When is epilepsy in a patient resolved?

- When the patient had age-dependent epilepsy syndrome but is now past the applicable age.
- When the patient has remained seizure-free for the last 10 years, with no seizure medicines for the last 5 years.

How is epilepsy diagnosed?

- Neurological exam: anamnesis, tests of the muscles, sensation, reflexes, coordination, walking and balance, and mental functions.
- Physical exam/blood examination
- EEG
- MRI/CT

What are cognitive problems in epilepsy?

- Memory impairment
- Mental slowing
- Attentional deficits
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What does neuropsychological assessment of epilepsy look like?

- Determine mental capacity
- Assess and monitor medication effects
- Aid in the differential diagnosis of epilepsy/psychogenic non-epileptic attack disorder
- Provide the basis for a cognitive rehabilitation programme
- Provide the basis for counselling regarding employment/educational options
- Specialist applications in epilepsy surgery

How to manage cognitive problems in epilepsy?

Indirect treatments:
- Epilepsy surgery
- Anti-epileptics
- Treatment of comorbid conditions
Direct treatments:
- Vagal nerve stimulation
- Cholinergic replacement
- Stimulants
- Memory rehabilitation strategies

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