Stroke and TBI

14 important questions on Stroke and TBI

What characterizes PTA?

- Disorientation
- Unable the remember events that happened prior to (retrograde) and after the time of injury (anterograde)
- Sometimes confabulation

What are the cognitive consequences of TBI?

- Lowered information processing speed
- Lowered attention and concentration
- Decreased memory
- Decreased executive functioning
- Decreased speech and language
- Lowered social cognition

What are physical consequences of TBI?

- Headache
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Lowered tolarance of stimuli
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What are emotional consequences of TBI?

- Gloominess/depression
- Fear
- Anger
- Loss of self-esteem and self-confidence
- Trauma

What are social consequences of TBI?

- Lowered social contacts/intergration
- Loss of work
- Changes in relation with partner/family

What is the definition of cogniform disorder?

Identify patients with excessive cognitive complaints and/or unexpectedly poor cognitive performance given the mild severity of their injury combined with an explicit patient role in daily life.

What are risk factors for CVA?

- Age (65+)
- Artherosclerosis (thickening of the arterial walls) due to hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity or elevated levels of cholesterol

What causes obstructive (ischemic) CVA (80%)?

- Embolism and thrombi
- Stenosis
- Less common disturbances: coangluation disorders, perfusion/blood flow disorders most often linked to specific disease

The anterior cerebral artery perfuses the:

Frontal lobe
Frontal-basal structures
Part of the parietal lobe

The medial cerebral artery perfuses the:

Cortical and subcortical areas of the temporal lobe
Larger part of the parietal lobe
Basal ganglia
Part of the frontal lobe

Cognitive impairments in left hemisphere CVA

Aphasia
Alexia, agraphia
Acalculia
Apraxia
Agnosia
Neglect right side

Cognitive impairments in right hemisphere CVA

Agnosia
Prosopagnosia
Neglect left side
Spatial/visuoconstructive disorders
Aprosody

Behavioral impairments in left hemisphere CVA

Patient feels handicapped and behaves generally careful and cautious.
Catastrophic reaction

Behavioral impairments in right hemisphere CVA

Impulsivity
Anosognosia
Anosodiaphoria
Problems with social intelligence/cognition

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