Summary: Lecture 6 Neuropsycological Diagnostics In Psychiatry: Neuropsychiatry

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  • 1 Lecture 6 Neuropsycological diagnostics in psychiatry: Neuropsychiatry

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  • How can executive functioning be subdivided?

    Lower order vs higher order EF
    Cool vs hot EF
  • What cognitive functions belong to higher order EF?

    - Reasoning
    - Planning and organising
    - Problem solving
  • How is cool EF described?

    Ration, cognitive aspects of EF, appealed to in abstract situations without context.
  • How is hot EF described?

    Affective, motivational aspects. Appealed to in situations where emotions and motivation need to be regulated.
  • What is the most severe psychiatric disorder, and why?

    Schizophrenia, because it is difficult to treat and difficult to live with, and it has the most severe cognitive symptoms.
  • What does treatment of schizophrenia focus on?

    Avoiding psychotic episodes, and lessening the severity of the psychotic episodes if they occur.
  • What symptoms do we see in MDD?

    - Impairments in social, occupational or educational  functioning
    - Affective symptoms and EF deficits, affecting QoL
    - Bias information processing/memory/attention
  • What is the mood congruency effect?

    We are better able to remember information that is congruent with our mood than we are to remember information that is neutral to us.
  • What cognitive functions are affected in MDD?

    Difficulties in:
    - Mostly EF problems
    - Shifting/cognitive flexibility
    - Inhibition
    - Updating
    - Verbal working memory
    - Visuospatial working memory
    - Fluency
    - Impaired reversal learning: inability to disengage from maladaptive behavior
    - Planning
    - Memory: encoding + retrieval
    - Processing speed/psychomotor speed
  • What do we observe in NPA for MDD?

    - Slow workpace
    - Fatigue, loss of energy
    - Lack of motivation, reduced engagement
    - Difficulty initiating efficient cognitive strategies
    - Indecisiveness
    - Negative self-perception
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