Neuropsycological diagnostics in psychiatry: Neuropsychiatry
10 important questions on Neuropsycological diagnostics in psychiatry: Neuropsychiatry
What are the similarities between ADHD and ASD?
- Shared genetic heritability
- Both associated with impairments in social functioning and executive functioning
- Comorbidities with other psychiatric disorders are very high
What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the DSM-5?
- Symptoms present prior to age 12
- Symptoms are present in two or more settings
- Symptoms clearly interfere with social, academic, or occupational fuctioning
- Not better explained by another mental disorder
What cognitive functions are affected in ADHD?
- Core deficits in inhibition (Barkley)
- Main deficit in motor response inhibition tasks (Ogilvie)
- Shifting/cognitive flexibility
- Visuospatial working memory
- Verbal working memory manipulation
- Planning
- Verbal fluency
- Higher grades + faster learning
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What do we observe during NPA of ADHD?
- Easily distracted by external and internal factors
- Problems with continuous performance tasks
- Off-task behavior (doing something entirely different)
What are symptoms in adults with ADHD?
- Impulsivity and easily distracted
- Misplacing things
- Difficulty planning, missing appointments, underestimating time things take
- Missing parts of conversations
- Doing too many things at the same time
- Procrastination
- Stress, fatigue, depression, sleeping problems
- Problems meeting demands from work and family
What are the diagnostic criteria for ASD according to the DSM-5?
- Social-emotional reciprocity
- Nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
- Developing/maintaining/understanding relationships
At least 2 type of restricted repetitive behaviors:
- Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements
- Inflexible adherence to routines
- Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity of focus
- Hyper- or hypoacitivity to sensory input
Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period.
Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.
What are the 3 severity levels for ASD?
- Level 2: Requiring substantial support
- Level 1: Requiring support
What cognitive functions are affected in ADS?
- Cognitive flexibility
- Fluency
- Verbal + spatial working memory
- Planning
- Response inhibition
- Severity can change with age: impairment in prepotent response inhibition can diminish with increasing age. Difficulties in interference control persist across the life span.
What do we observe during NPA in adult diagnosis ASD?
- Gets upset about unexpected change
- Gets upset when things are unclear
- Perseverance
- Focus on details, not seeing the whole picture
What is the definition of social cognition?
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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