Summary: Lectures, Notes Etc.

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• 1 Session 1: Planetary boundaries and Sustainable Development Goals

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• What increased during the great acceleration 1950?

  Begins mid 20th century: introduction of nuclear material in the
  atmosphere due to testing nuclear weapons in 1950s, coincides
  with “the great accelleration

• Is the antropocene accepted by ICS?

  .Decision-making within International Commission on Stratigraphy
  (ICS), responsible for designating geological epochs is still ongoing
  • A working group advised the ICS to accept the Anthropocene

• What are the charactics of earth?(earth system science findings?

  .Earth System Science: findings
  • Characteristics of Earth:
  • Variability: we need to look beyond the stability of the Holocene to
  understand and anticipate future behavior of the planet (for instance
  in response to climate change).
  • Life: biological processes play a much stronger role in the
  functioning and responses of the Earth System than previously
  thought and are integral to the Earth System.
  • Connectivity: processes across the globe are connected both in
  space and in time in ways previously inconceivable.
  • Non-linear: Abrupt change can result when relatively small changes
  in a 'forcing function' push the System across a threshold or tipping
  point

• How was Sustainble development goals developed?

  The SDGs were adopted through a resolution of the UN General
  Assembly in 2015

• Is SDG legally binding? On which was it based?

  No, Long history which can be traced back to the UN Conference on
  Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro (1992) or even to the
  UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm (1972)

• What is the quadruple squeezE?

  The quadruple squeeze: the growing population.  second pressure is the climate dilemma. third pressure is eco system decline.  fourth is surprise

• What are the planetary bounderies?

  Planetary boundaries o There are nine planetary boundaries (The nine planetary boundaries - Stockholm Resilience Centre) 1. Climate change 2. Ozone depletion 3. Atmospheric aerosol loading 4. Ocean acidification 5. Loss of biosphere integrity (biodiversity loss and extinctions) 6. Chemical pollution and the release of novel entities 7. Freshwater consumption and the global hydrological cycle 8. Land system change 9. Nitrogen and phosphorus flows to the biosphere and oceans

• What is the anthrocene epoch?

  Anthropocene Epoch is an unofficial unit (official unit is called the Holocene) of geologic time, used to describe the most recent period in Earth’s history when human activity started to have a significant impact on the planet’s climate and ecosystems. - Decision-making within International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), responsible for designating geological epochs is still ongoing

• . 5 transformational policies for a prosperous and sustainableworld 

  .1. Rapid renewable energy growth (halving emissions every decade from 2020)
  2. Accelerated sustainable food chains (+1%/year better productivity)
  3. New development models in the poorer countries (copying aspects of South
  Korean/Chinese/Ethiopian successes)
  4. Active inequality reduction (ensuring 10% richest < 40% of income)
  5. Investment in education to all, gender education, equality, economics, health,
  family planning (improves wellbeing with reduced ecological footprint)
  - We are not delivering on our promises of the SDGs

• What does John Rockström says about the SDG?

  There are inherent conflicts between the 17 goals. - We need to achieve SDGs within the planetary boundaries. - 5 transformational policies