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Water (fresh water, including transboundary rivers and lakes, groundwater)

7 important questions on Water (fresh water, including transboundary rivers and lakes, groundwater)

What does the principle of common-butdifferentiated responsibilities entail, and give some examples from the UFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement to show how this principle was translated into concreted duties.

This means that the parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generation of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly the developed country parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof. (art. 3(1) UNFCCC) An example of duties could be the duty to transfer technology to developing or financial aid to developing countries to help them

What are the flexible instruments from the Kyoto Protocol and how do they work?

The flexible instruments are, emissions trading (US was for while China was against) and other market based instrument. This means that implementation by on state can happen individually, or by joint implementation, two states doing it together.

What are the main changes that the Paris Agreement brough about?

The main change is that it gave obligations to all states to achieve emissions reductions, there is an end-goal that all states agree to, even though the obligations are not as strict and specific as the Kyoto Protocol, that is probably the reason why everyone agreed. Because the US is still not a party of the Kyoto Protocol because it Gedownload door Esmee De Koning (esmay100@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|5097417 is too strict in their eyes. (US not the only one many emission giving states are not a party)

What is the paris agreement?

Paris Agreement - Step 4 (2015): Paris Agreement - Legally binding treaty! Although some provisions have weak language: o ‘States shall…., are to….’ (= binding) o ‘States should…. Are encouraged…. Aim to….’ (less binding

How do the paris agreement and kyoto protocol differ?

No individual targets like in the Kyoto Protocol. Instead, all countries have to submit their own targets: o Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) (Art. 3)

What is the paris rulebook?

Many provisions are rather vague and were worked later in more detail in the so called ‘Paris Rulebook’ (2015-2022)

Implementation of the UNFCCC in the eu?

Implementation in EU - EU is a party to UNFCCC/KP/PA - EU instruments are binding for EU member states and go beyond what is in international law - Main legal instruments: o EU Climate Law Regulation: -55% 2030, climate neutrality 2050  It sets the current goal and NDC of the EU, Climate Chang epolicies have been harmonized in the EU. o EU Emissions Trading System Directive (EU ETS) o Effort Sharing Regulation (non-ETS sectors) o LULUCF Regulation (land use, land use change, forestry) o Renewable Energy Consumption Directive o Energy Efficiency Directive

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Water (fresh water, including transboundary rivers and lakes, groundwater)

7 important questions on Water (fresh water, including transboundary rivers and lakes, groundwater)

What does the principle of common-butdifferentiated responsibilities entail, and give some examples from the UFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement to show how this principle was translated into concreted duties.

What are the flexible instruments from the Kyoto Protocol and how do they work?

What are the main changes that the Paris Agreement brough about?

What is the paris agreement?

How do the paris agreement and kyoto protocol differ?

What is the paris rulebook?

Implementation of the UNFCCC in the eu?

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