Soil nutrients and soil quality
30 important questions on Soil nutrients and soil quality
What is the soil definition of the NRCS?
What are soil layers?
What is soil texture?
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What is soil composition?
What is soil structure?
- Effected by tillage, biological activity, SOM tillage, moisture, compaction
- Defines porosity, infiltration, aeration
Why is Soil organic matter (SOM) important?
- Nutriënt supply (mineralization)
- Soil structure
- Biological activity
What are the main pools of SOM?
- Root exudates (soluble OM: energy source)
- Microbial biomass (turnover OM)
- Partculate OM (POM, recently formed OM)
- Humus (stable SOM)
What is the corner sone of organic production systems?
What are the keys to efficient nutrient use
Which different things can soil fertility imply?
- Establish an intergrated functional ecological system that encompasses a multitude of functions and services
Which 3 dimensions does soil quality/fertility have?
- chemical
- Biological
What are the potential positive effects of organic soil?
- Enhance water storage
- Increase C-sequestration
- Imrpove biodiversity
- Reduce energy use
- Reduce soil erosion
What are the challenges of organic soil?
- Impact on crop choice and crop rotations
- Management crop residues
- Selection equipment and techniques
- Wet & cold soils
- Mineralization
Where does the steady SOM% depends on?
- Soil conditions
- Anthropogenic factors
What does climate has to do with steady SOM%?
- Breakdown of SOM (Q10)
What does soil conditions has to do with steady SOM%?
- Soil moisture and pH
- Soil texture
What does anthropogenic factors has to to with steady SOM%?
- Tillage
- Crop type/land use
What kind of soil moisture chracteristics are there?
- Field capacity (FC)
- Permanent wilting percentage (PWP)
- Readily available water
What is saturated soil water content?
- Amount equals 100% (1-bulkdensity/particle density)
- Any additional water will result in flooding
What is field capacity (FC)?
- Amount ranges from 6% (coarse sand) to 40% (clay)
What is permanent wilting percentage (PWP)?
- Amount ranges from 2%(coarse sand) to 20% (clay)
What is readily available water?
- Amount ranges from 506% (coarse sand) to 18% (loam)
What are the essential plant nutrients?
- Micro nuctrients
What are macro nutrients?
- Phosphor (P)
- Potassium (K)
- Sulphur (S)
- Magnesiu (Mg)
- Chlorine (Cl)
- Calcium (Ca)
What are micro nutrients?
- Manganese (Mn)
- Zinc (Zn)
- Copper (Cu)
- Boron (B)
- Molybdenum (Mo)
How are the macro nutrients available for plants?
H2PO4-, HPO42-
K+
SO42-
Mg2+
Cl-
Ca2+
How is the fertility management of organic systems?
- Nutrient management complex
- Nutriets mainly present in reltively insoluble form
- Mineralization, biological activity & internal cycling critical for inherent soil frtility
- High biological activity and ecological diversity
- Reduced environmental pesticies impacts but nutrient management may be a problem
How is the fertility management in conventional systems?
- Nutrient management simple
- Nutrients mainly available in soluble (labile) form
- Mainly dependent on external nutrient inputs -> typically poorly buffered systems
- Suppressed biological activity and diversity may be poor
- Environmental impacts may be appreciable depending on management
What are the periods of manure application?
- Grassland (sand) 1 feb - 1 aug
- Arable land: 1 feb - 1 aug
What are the challenges of soil management?
- Quality of organic amendments
- Synchronization nutrient supply and crop demand
- Sustaining SOM
- Effective use of conservation
- Nutrient ratio's and environmental regulations
- Environmental emisions
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