Anatomy - The ear
14 important questions on Anatomy - The ear
What is around the circumference of the tympanic membrane?
What is the name for the section of the tympanic membrane inferior to the malleal folds?
Where do blood vessels enter the tympanic membrane?
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Where does the middle ear cavity originate from?
What does the middle ear space consist of?
- Mesotympanum
- Hypotympanum
- Attic
- Protympanum
- Retrotympanum (includes sinus tympani and facial recess)
What is the blood supply of the middle ear and mastoid?
Where does the stapedius muscle originate form?
Where is the tensor tympani muscle located?
Which branch of the glossopharyngea nerve runs across the tympanic promontory?
What is the branch of the vagus nerve in the midle ear cavity?
Coughing when ear canal is cleaned due to referred sensation to the throat.
Which spaces ar earound teh facial nerve?
- Sinus tympani: medial to the facial nerve
In which two ways does the middle ear amplify sound vibrations?
- The lever arm effect of the malleus and incus imparts a further increase in vibrational amplitude.
Which two fluid-filled chambers make up the inner ear?
- Inner or membranous chamber: filled with high potassium solution --> endolymph, resembles intracellular fluid.
Marginal cells in the stria vascularis actively pump potassium into the membranous chamber to maintain the difference in the sodium and potassium concentrations. The difference in the chemical composition between perilymph and endolymph provides the electrochemical energy that powers the activities of the sensory cells. The inner ear is unique beause the sensory cells rely on energy provided by other cells.
What are hair cells?
Bending the bundle in the direction of the tallest row leads to entry of potassium and calcium ions into the hair cell through channels that open at the tips of the stereocilia --> depolarisation. Bending the bundle in the opposite direction promotes channel closure and results in hyperpolarisation.
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