Supply chain relationships

17 important questions on Supply chain relationships

From what trends is the globalisation of Supply chains arise?

- Global competition
- competitors, partners and customers from around the world
- global sourcing
- global presence
- global value chains resulting in increasing complexity and competition
- global access to knowledge and new technologies
- high levels of customer awareness and expectation
- rapid pace of technological change
- fast rate of product commoditisation
- SCM expertise and innovation as preconditions for business success

What is a service level agreement? (SLA)

A contractual agreement between a customer and supplier, to identify the expected level of perfomance. The criteria to whom companies have to fullfill are called order qualifiers and the companies who fullfill these criterias are called order winners. After this a supplier development comes, here they will improve each other a bit.

What is an Origninal equipment manufacturer (OEM)?

Term to describe the top-tier organisation, the producers of the final product.
  • Higher grades + faster learning
  • Never study anything twice
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Discover Study Smart

What is design for manufacturer (DFM)?

Designing way easy to manufacture.

Why are companies mostly outsourcing?


- Reduce direct and indirect costs
- Reduce capital costs
- Reduce taxes
- Reduce logistics costs
- Overcome tariff barriers
- Provide better customer service
- Spread foreign exchange risks
- Share risk
- Build alternative supply sources
- Pre-empt potential competitors
- Learn from local suppliers, foreign customers or competitors
- Gain access to world class capabilities or attract talent globally

Why do companies offshore?

- Lower costs in offshore region
- Less strict rules in offshore region
- Lower communication and IT costs

What common causes of failures happen in outsourcing?

- Products that not arrive on time
- Quality of products cannot be maintained
- Reliability problems between outsourcer and outsourcee
- Outsourcee not flexible enough to make changes in products
- … p.41

What order qualifiers do outsourcees have to meet?


- Reliability of delivery
- Quality certifications
- Conformance to agreed specifications
- Delivery lead time
- Financial capability
- Performance track record
- Price or cost reduction
- Senior management attitude
- Responsiveness to demand uncertainty
- Record of corporate social responsibility

What is corporate social responsibillity (CSR)?

Is growing in importance in business. "How ethical are company's activities?" For example the external image of a company who outsources to a country with poor labour. Not a good image

What is the environmental seperation index? (ESI)

Assesses the differences between the working environments of the outsourcer and outsourcee.

What are the 4 stages of the outsources-outsourcee relationship?

1. master-servant stage: the outsourcee does everything the outsourcer says and low cost is the main driver.

2. consultative stage: the outsourcer consults the oursourcee on a regular basis and low cost is not the only driver but also quality, reliability and responsivness.

3. peer to peer relationship: this is actually the perfect stage because they both collaborate and try to create a win/win relationship.

4. competitive stage: here the original outsourcee takes the lead role and starts competing with the outsourcer on global markets.

What are the differences between integration and collaboration?


Integration embodies various communication channels and linkages within a supply network,  it is the alignment and interlinking of business processes.


Collaboration is a relationship between supply chain partners developed over a period of time. And integration is possible without collaboration.

Explain internal and external integration:

Internal integration is cross-functional integration within a selected organisation.

External intergration:
EDI is a key enabler of supply chain integration. The automated transfer of order data between supply chain partners streamlines information sharing and processing.
Effective and efficient organisational design is a prerequisite, (Ex. Leading automotive manufacturers.)

What is the keiretsu principe?

Original equipment manufacturers work closely with their first tier supplier, they on their turn work with their first tier suppliers and so on. This enables just-in-time line side delivery
and a lean production line and is one extended operation

What are the 3 steps before reaching collaboration?

-open market negotiations (price based discussion)
-cooperation (longer term contracts)
-coordination (information sharing)
-collaboration (technology sharing)

What is the difference between vertical and horizontal collaboration?

Vertical collaboration is between suppliers and costumers and horizontal is between competitors and other supply chain actors, horizontal collaboration is far more hard to obtain.

How can we achieve supply chain collaboration between our first tier suppliers?

-supply base rationalisation (less supliers)
-aggregated procurement ( software that decides who can produce by selecting on their capabilities)

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

  • A unique study and practice tool
  • Never study anything twice again
  • Get the grades you hope for
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Remember faster, study better. Scientifically proven.
Trustpilot Logo