Motivation methods and applications

24 important questions on Motivation methods and applications

What is a goal?

The desired outcome of an action, which becomes motivational when a person wants it and strives to achieve it

What does the content of a goal emphasize?

the features of the goal, how it is measured and  the level of intensity in working towards it

What does intensity of a goal emphasize

considers the process by which a goal is set, the extent of participation  and the degree of commitment and intention to bring it about
  • Higher grades + faster learning
  • Never study anything twice
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Discover Study Smart

Why is goalsetting important according to Locke (1968)

Performance can be affected by setting goals. Goal-setting can be used as a mean of motivation. The are used to direct effort and provide guidelines for deciding how much effort should be put into each activity.

What can participative goal-setting focus on according to Quick (1990)?

  1. Routine goals, an extension of what people already are doing
  2. Problem solving to overcome shortcomings
  3. Innovation
  4. Personal development to spur greater achievement

What is Management by Objectives with respect to Motivation?

The practice of manager and subordinate jointly determining time specific objectives

On which philosophy is MBO based?

That the manager ought to negotiate or collaborate on defining the objectives the subordinate is to pursue over the next time period.

What is the purpose of MBO

  1. To strenghten planning
  2. To encourage participative decisionmaking
  3. To motivate performance of tasks that have a high pay off for the organisation

What is included in the MBO process?

  1. Agreement on key goals or objectives
  2. Action an planning to work on the objectives
  3. selfcontrol and corrective actions to keep on target
  4. Periodic measurements, formal reviews and performance appraisals

What is the ABC sequence of behavioural change?

  1. Antecedent: the antecedent conditions or a cue that precedes a set of behaviour alternatives
  2. Behaviour: is response to the antecedent circumstance. the behaviour represents the desired behaviour to the antecedent and cue
  3. consequence: represents a environmental consequence that is contingent on an appropriate behaviour. The most common consequence is positive reinforcer of a dsired behaviour

What are the four common reinforcers?

  1. Positive reinforcers - Pleasent, rewarding or in an other way satisfying
  2. Negative reinforcers - The removal or reduction of an aversive condition following a desired behaviour to iniate or increase the desired behaviour
  3. Punishment - An aversive event or the removal of a positive event following behaviour, designed to reduce the frequency of the behaviour or to eliminate it altogether
  4. Omission - A completly neutral response to a negative behaviour to encourage its diminishment

What is scientific managemen

A  methodology advocated by Taylor in which work tasks were structured into highly simplified, standardised jobs tom symplify hiring, training and supervision

What is a task scope?

The degree of task variaty built into a job, typically called horizontal job loading, when jobs are formally designed

What is task depth ?

The degree of responsibility and autonomous decision authority expected in a job, often thought of  as vertical job loading when formally designed

What four types of jobs are identified when you combine Job task and job depth?

  • Routine jobs - programmed, repetitative an narrow in scope jobs and are often resitricted by technology
  • Technical jobs - Offer great opportunities for independent thinking and deciding what to do and when, but provide employees with little variety in their daily tasks.
  • Enlarged jobs - Provide an expanded variety or diversity of tasks
  • Enriched jobs- Enable an individual to feel responsible for whole tasks.

What is changing horizontal job loading?

The process of enlarging jobs by combining seperate work activities into a whole job that provides for greater task variety

What is vertical job loading ?

The process of structuring a greater range of responsibility for planning, control and decision-making authority into a job

What is the model of job enrichment by Hackman et al (1976)?

Core jobdimensions->phychologicak states-> Personal work/outcomes

What is core job dimension?

The underlying characteristics of a job and how they relate to the person's job involvement, motivation, performance and satisfaction

What are Psychological states?

Three possible job qualities
  1. Experienced meaningfulness
  2. Experiences responsibility
  3. Knowledge of results - that shape individual job motivation and satisfaction of growth needs

What are the six core dimensions for evaluating jobs?

  1. Autonomy
  2. Task variety
  3. Task Identity
  4. Feedback
  5. Friendship opportunities
  6. Dealing with others

What are strategies to enhance jobs trough redesign

  1. combine tasks  - to improve skill variaty, task identity and interdependence
  2. Load Jobs vertically - To improve autonomy, empower employees by combining responsibilities for planning, executing and adjusting work activities.
  3. Open feedback channels - to improve interaction with others  and clarify task significance
  4. Establish client relationships  - to improve skill variety, autonomy, interaction with others and feedback
  5. Form natural teams - to improve skill variaty, task significance , friendship and interdependence, link people together when the job performed by one person affects others

What types of empowerment is there?

  • Self initiated empowerment - People who are intrinsically motivated internal attributors usually initiate personal efforts to expand the nature of their jobs and their power
  • Empowerment by others - Colleagues and coworkers have a significant impact on work-related self- perceptions
  • Empowerment by management - The empowering manager actively  gives power to individuals and enables them to be self- motivated.

What personal changes does an empowered person undergo?

  • Motivational enhancement, they usually itensify their task focus and are energised to become more comitted to a cause goal
  • Problem solving behaviours that concentrates energy on a goal

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

  • A unique study and practice tool
  • Never study anything twice again
  • Get the grades you hope for
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Remember faster, study better. Scientifically proven.
Trustpilot Logo