Measurement and Scaling: Noncomparative Scaling Techniques

29 important questions on Measurement and Scaling: Noncomparative Scaling Techniques

How do you call one of two types of scaling techniques in which each stimulus object is scaled independently of the other objects in the stimulus set?

Noncomparative scale

How do you call something that is also referred to as a graphic rating scale, this measurement scale has the respondents rate the objects by placing a mark at the appropriate position on a line that runs from one extreme of the criterion variable to the other?

Continuous rating scale

How do you call a measurement scale having numbers and/or brief descriptions associated with each category?

Itemized rating scale
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How do you call a measurement scale with five response categories ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree" which requires the respondents to indicate a degree of agreement or disagreement with each of a series of statements related to the stimulus objects?

Likert scale

How do you call a 7-point rating scale with endpoints associated with bipolar labels that have semantic meaning?

Semantic differential

How do you call a scale presented vertically for measuring attitudes that consists of a single adjective in the middle of an even-numbered range of values, from -5 to +5, without a neutral point (zero)?

Staple scale

How do you call a scale with an equal number of favorable and unfavorable categories?

Balanced scale

How do you call a rating scale that forces the respondents to express an opinion because "no opinion" or "no knowledge" option is not provided?

Forced rating scales

How do you call a scale consisting of multiple items, where an item is a single question or statement to be avaluated?

Multi-item scales

How do you call a specific type of concept that exists at a higher level of abstraction than that of everyday concepts?

Construct

How do you call the variation in the information sought by the researcher and the information generated by the measurement process employed?

Measurement error

How do you call a mathematical model that provides a framework for understanding the accuracy of measurement?

True score model

How do you call an error that continually affects the measurement and represents stable factors that affect the observed score, in the same way, each time the analysis is made?

Systematic error

How do you call a measurement error that arises from random changes or differences in respondents or measurement situations?

Random error

How do you call the extent to which a scale produces consistent results if repeated measurements are made on the characteristic?

Reliability

How do you call an approach for assessing reliability in which respondents are administered identical sets of scale items at two different times under as nearly similar conditions as possible?

Test-retest reliability

How do you call an approach for assessing reliability that requires two equivalent forms of the scale to be constructed, and then the same respondents are measured at two different times?

Alternative-forms reliability

How do you call an approach for assessing the internal consistency of the set of items when several items are summated to form a total score for sale?

Internal consistency reliability

How do you call a form of internal consistency reliability in which the items constituting the scale are divided into two halves, and the resulting half scores are correlated?

Split-half reliability

How do you call a measure of internal consistency reliability that is the average of all possible split-half coefficients resulting from different splittings of the scale items?

Coefficient alpha

How do you call the extent to which differences in observed scale scores reflect actual differences among objects on the characteristic being measured, rather than systematic or random errors?

Validity

How do you call a type of validity, sometimes called face validity, that consists of a subjective but systematic evaluation of the representativeness of the content of a scale for the measuring task at hand?

Content validity

How do you call a type of validity that examines whether the measurement scale performs as expected about other variables selected as meaningful criteria?

Criterion validity

How do you call a type of validity that addresses the question of what construct or characteristic the scale is measuring?

Construct validity

How do you call a measure of construct validity that measures the extent to which the scale correlates positively with other measures of the same construct?

Convergent validity

How do you call a type of construct validity that assesses the extent to which a measure does not correlate with other constructs from which it is supposed to differ?

Discriminant validity

How do you call a type of validity that assesses the relationships between theoretical constructs?

Nomological validity

How do you call the degree to which a study based on a sample applies to a universe of generalizations?

Generalizability

What are the six rating scale decisions?

  • Response option: forced vs. Nonforced
  • Attractive vs. Unattractive number of categories: balanced vs. Unbalanced
  • Total number of categories
  • Impartial or neutral category: odd vs. Even number of categories
  • Nature and degree of verbal description
  • Graphics: physical form and configuration

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