Characteristics and Applications of Polymers - Deformation of Elastomers

6 important questions on Characteristics and Applications of Polymers - Deformation of Elastomers

What are properties of elastomeric materials?

They have a rubberlike elasticity, the moduli of elasticity are small and vary with strain; the stress-strain curve is nonlinear.

What is molecularly seen the difference between unstressed and stressed elastomers?

Unstressed elastomers are highly amorphous crosslinked polymers. When stressed the chains will uncoil and become aligned, resulting in elongation.

What is the driving force for elastic deformation?

Entropy, it increases with increasing disorder.
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What is the result from the entropic effect?

1. An elastomer experiences an increase in temperature.
2. The modulus of elasticity increases, in contrast with other materials.

What criteria must be met before a polymer is called elastomeric?

1. Crystallization must be difficult.
2. Backbone rotation must be relatively easy.
3. The onset of plastic deformation must be delayed, which happens by the crosslinks.
4. The elastomer needs to be above it's glass transition temperature, below that point the material is brittle.

How does the chemical reaction of vulcanization happen?

It mostly happens at sites where carbons are double bonded. Sulfur is added to heated elastomer, forming sulfur bridges between two backbones.

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