Membranes and protein targeting
14 important questions on Membranes and protein targeting
What is role of membrane proteins?
What does an integral membrane protein needs to contain?
How are membrane proteins anchored?
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Which factor plays a role in the thickness of a membrane?
- unsaturated are less thick -> more fluidity
- lateral diffusion <->
- flexion
- rotation
- saturated are more thick
How does the distribution look like in a double membrane?
- extracellulaire space contain sugar
- cytosol is more negative
Flip flop rare happens because of the asymmetrical distrubution
What is role of cholesterol?
Explain how signal sequences guide proteins to destination in prokaryotes
- co-translationally translocated - some integral membrane proteins are inserted directly to the membrane while translation of the protein is happening
- periplasmic proteins are secreted via Sec, Tat or Com translocaters for post-translational protein translocation
What is the difference between post-translation and co-translocation?
Post-translationally, in which translocation occurs after a polypeptide has been completely synthesized.
What is the role of twin arginine translocase (TAT)?
Explain protein import into the nucleus of an eurkaryotes
- uses internal signals and soluble nuclear protein import receptor
Explain the process how proteins pass the membranes
The membrane translocation process is energy driven and needs a membrane potential as well as heat shock proteins
- hsp70 chaperones binds to protein and will disassociate when it when get pass the membrane, which is ATP dependent
- the protein will pass the TIM23 by a membrane potential (caused by NAD/NADH couple, which donate e- to O2)
- when in matrix, hsp70 will bind to protein, which is ATP dependent
How do inner membrane proteins get to their place?
- TIM 23 dependent sorting to
the inner membrane proceeds
either through initial import
and re-export similar to
mitochondrially synthesized
proteins by OXA complex - with a second stop transfer signal peptide
Explain the two ways of modification for intermembrane proteins
2. TIM22 proceeds through the cation of a signal internal signal sequence
Explain the peroxisome biogenesis from ER and protein import
- Peroxisomal precursor vesicle leaves the ER with specific protein that catalyze protein import
- growth by uptake of peroxisomal protein and lipids
- fission
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