Translation of mRNA into proteins

11 important questions on Translation of mRNA into proteins

How many reading frames are there?

DNA can be translated in 6 reading frames and RNA 3

What does wobble base mean?

The third mismatch is tolerated, allows multiple codons be coded for a single amino acid.

What are the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote translation initiation?

Pro: small subunit will binds directly on startcodon and start translation

Eur: small subunit binds to mRNA and start scanning for kozak consensus (ACCAUGG)
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Explain the reaction that happens in the growing peptide chain

The peptide bond is formed between the amino-terminus (NH2) of the aminoacid bound to the tRNA and the carboxy terminus (COO) of the nascent chain.

What is the evolution behind virus and ribosomes?

Ribosomes can shift reading frame and. Create a different kind of peptide

How are incorrect tRNA removed?

Proof-reading translation: GTP is hydrolysed

How does a polypeptide chain fold into correct conformation?

Chaperones have to guide polypeptide chains to fold into their correct conformation
  • Hsp70 protein
  • Misfolding can be corrected by hsp60 protein complex

How will incorrecte;y folded proteins or degraded proteins be removed?

It happens through proteasome, polyubiquitination marks proteins for degradation.

What does ubiquitin ligase complex do and what role does F-box play?

It regulates protein levels in the cell by targeted ubiquitination
  • F-box proteins recognize degradation signal in proteins and target this protein to UBI-ligase complex

What are the difference between mono, multi and poly ubiquitylation?

Mono = histone regulation
Multi = endocytosis
poly = proteasomal degradation and DNA repair

Which ubiquitin-like protein modifiers that do not target protein for degradation?

Sumo and Rub

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