Biotische evolutie

7 important questions on Biotische evolutie

Briefly explain the origin of living systems.

It started with catalytic RNA (ribosomes) which were the first enzymes. --> RNA world. Then encapsulated by membranous vesicular structures. After this protocellular stage of organization came natural selection on these self-replicating systems and they began to evolve. Then evolution of genetic code and fully directed protein synthesis.

How did the ozone layer evolve?

Oxygen produced by photosynthesis gradually accumulated in the atmosphere. When the atmospheric oxygen reached about 1% of what it is nowadays, ozone began to accumulate and to absorb ultraviolet light. Land and surface waters then were occupied by photosynthetic organisms, thereby increasing the oxygen production.

Explain how oxidative (aerobic) metabolism arose and how it works.

The accumulation of atmospheric oxygen caused oxygen gas (O2) to accumulate and oxidative (aerobic) metabolism to appear. By using available oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor and completely oxidating glucose to carbon dioxide and water, much of the bond energy stored by photosynthesis could be recovered.
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How did eukaryotes arise?

Probably from a symbiosis (life together) of 2 or more types of bacteria.

What are the five evolutionary principles of Darwin's theory?

  • Perpetual (eeuwigdurende) change
  • Common ancestor
  • Speciation
  • Gradualism
  • Natural selection

What is a fossil?

A fossil is a remainder of past life uncovered from the crust of the earth. Fossils reveal changes in the earth's environment, including major changes in the distributions of lands and seas.

What are the 3 characteristics that show the clearest trend in horse evolution?

  • Body size
  • Foot structure
  • Tooth structure

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