Histology blood vessels
15 important questions on Histology blood vessels
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
- Transport blood and plasma
- Transport of O2/CO2, nutrients/waste material, hormones, etc
What is a vascular accident?
Blood vessels all have the same histological structures. What are these?
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa/adventitia
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What are the different types of arteries if you look from the heart to the capillaries?
- Elastic (conducting) arteries
- Muscular (distributing, medium) arteries
- Arterioles
Arteries can change in diameter. How?
- By elasticity (response to heart beat)
- By contraction (control speed blood circulation
- Smooth muscle cells are innervated via the autonomic nervous system
- Contraction leads to vasoconstriction
- Relaxation leads to vasodilation
What are the different types of capillaries?
- Continuous capillaries
- Fenestrated capillaries
- Sinusoids (discontinuous capillaries)
What are the characteristics of continuous capillaries?
- No pores ('fenestrations')
- Endothelial cells are bound together by tight junctions --> only small molecules (water, ions, peptides) can cross via active transport (endosomes) over the cell membrane. No passage of blood cells or plasma proteins.
Where do you find continuous capillaries?
- Muscle
- Connective tissue
- Nervous system
What are the characteristics of fenestrated capillaries?
- Large pores (60-80 nm), grouped
- Exchange of water and small peptides (still have to go through basal lamina)
Where do you find fenestrated capillaries?
What are the characteristics of sinusoids (discontinuous capillaries)?
- Large lumen (30-40 μm)
- Many, large pores and gaps, without basal lamina
- Free exchange (water, blood, proteins, immune cells)
- No endosomes (endocytosis not needed --> can just go through the pores)
- Macrophages between the endothelial cells (in gaps): removal of damaged cells and parasites
Where do you find sinusoids (discontinuous capillaries)?
- Liver
- Bone marrow
- Lymph glands
How is the blood flow regulated through the capillary network?
Veins have the comparable build up as arteries. However, there are some differences. What are these differences?
- Thinner tunicae (lower blood pressure)
- Larger lumen
- Often with valves
- No need for smooth muscle cells in venules
What are varicose veins?
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