Intermediary metabolism: metabolic paths and enzymes
18 important questions on Intermediary metabolism: metabolic paths and enzymes
What is intermediary metabolism?
Well-known drugs (such as aspirine, ACE-inhibitors, viagra, penicillin etc) have something in common. What is this?
What is the mechanism of hydrolases (lipases, proteases)?
- Add acyl group (acylation)
- Remove acyl group (deacylation)
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Enzymes are characterized by 2 parameters. Which?
- Vmax, Kcat
- Km
What is the relation between the Km and affinity?
What determines the speed of a pathway?
What are different types of enzyme regulation?
- Competitive inhibition of an enzyme
- Allosteric regulation
- Hormonal enzyme regulation
- Prolonged need for increased enzyme activity
What is competitive inhibition of an enzyme?
What is the function of hormonal enzyme regulation?
What do you know about insulin compared to glucagon when speaking of phosphorylation?
Insulin removes the phosphor group, so dephosphorylates.
Can you explain the function of insulin and glucagon using glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase as examples?
Glycogen synthase (to make glycogen) is active when there is insulin, when there is glucagon it becomes phosphorylated and inactive.
What is meant with the prolonged need for increased enzyme activity?
The enzymes that break down these things are upregulated.
What is the function of the pentose phosphate pathway?
- Detoxification
- DNA/RNA synthesis
Which source of glucose is used when?
- Glucose that is ingested (until 6 hours, fed)
- Glycogenolysis (5 days until 30 hours, fasting)
- Gluconeogenesis (6 hours ~, starvation)
What does glucagon control? How?
- Glucose levels via activation of glycogen-phosphorylase.
- Speed of gluconeogenesis
What is an important side step of glycolysis? What percentage goes into this side step?
What do cancer therapies aim to do?
How are ketone bodies produced, what is the beginning product and what are the end products?
End product: acetoacetate and hydroxybutyrate
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