Fat and lipid metabolism
22 important questions on Fat and lipid metabolism
What is the function of bile salts?
What is important to know about fat uptake?
How are free FA transported from adipose tissue?
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What is the difference between beta oxidation and FA synthesis?
How are FA moved into the mitochondria?
What are the end products of palmitate (C16) in beta oxidation?
Very long FA (>20 C atoms) are shortened in peroxisomes. What is the side-effect of this?
What are the end products if the FA is odd-chain-length?
Acetyl CoA cannot leave mitochondria. How is this done?
When is the greatest flux through FA synthesis and breakdown?
Breakdown: in starvation
What hormonal state is favoured in FA synthesis and breakdown?
Breakdown: low insulin/glucagon ratio
What is the major tissue site of FA synthesis and breakdown?
Breakdown: liver and muscle
What are the carriers of acyl-acetyl groups between mitochondria and cytosol in FA synthesis and breakdown?
Breakdown: carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
What are the phosphopanthetheine-containing active carriers of FA synthesis and breakdown?
Breakdown: coenzyme A
What are the oxidation/reduction cofactors of FA synthesis and breakdown?
Breakdown: NAD+, FAD
What are the two-carbon donors/products of FA synthesis and breakdown?
Breakdown: acetyl-CoA
What are the inhibitors of FA synthesis and breakdown?
Breakdown: malonyl-CoA (inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase)
What is boosted if [ATP] is high?
What is inhibited and activated when [acetyl CoA] is high?
At what two levels is the activity of malonyl production controlled?
- AMP and citrate: energy status
- Hormonal control: demand of the body, insulin activates phosphatase
What do you know about the (in)activation of acetyl CoA carboxylase?
Acetyl CoA is active when it is not phosphorylated. It is inactive when it is phosphorylated (glucagon phosphorylates).
What is the shuttle concept?
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