Guest lecture: Urofacial development
4 important questions on Guest lecture: Urofacial development
What is holoprosencephaly (HPE)?
Mostly defects of olfactory or tract
Defect in cells receiving SHH signals
these people mostly have very symmetric face (tom cruise? ;p)
Division of bones in head and neck
- cranial base (bones underlying the brain)
- Cranial vault (bones covering the brain)
- Sensory capsules (bones encapsulating the sensory organs)
Viscerocranium
- Bones of the face and pharyngeal arches
Formation of skull bones
- development out of cartilage precursors
Intramembranous ossification -> dermal bone
- development from an ossification directly in the mesenchyme.
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The skull
Sutures
- strong, unfused
- the sutures gradually ossify to join the skull bones together
Fontanelles
- soft spots on the head
- fontanelles close
Premature closure of sutures.
closure of one suture causes increased growth at other sutures, thereby deforming the brain and skull.
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