Introduction to Endocrinology - Mechanisms of action of hormones
5 important questions on Introduction to Endocrinology - Mechanisms of action of hormones
What are generally the location for the different types of hormone receptors?
- In the cell cytoplasm - steroid hormones
- In the cell nucleus - thyroid hormones
What is the difference between down-regulation and up-regualtion of the receptors?
What are the different types of receptor complexes?
- G protein-linked receptors
- Enzyme-linked hormone receptors - e.g. Leptin with tyrosine kinase
- Intracellular hormone receptors and activation of genes
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Name the 3 second messengers used for mediating intracellular hormonal functions by the different hormones and how they work.
2) Calcium ions --> upon entering 3/4 calcium ions bind with the protein calmodulin which then changes shape and initiates activation of inhibition of protein kinases.
3) products of membrane phospholipid breakdown --> activate enzyme phospholipid C which catlyzes the breakdown of especially IP3 and PIP2
Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones can also act mainly on the genetic machinery of the cell, what does this result in?
- Thyroid hormones increase gene transcription in the cell nucleus
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