The age of cities and states - War in the name of God

12 important questions on The age of cities and states - War in the name of God

What were the different reasons for crusades when Pope Urban II called people to go on crusades?

-knights saw it as an adventure and hoped to gain land and gold
-the sins would be forgiven
-Christians shrines were threatened by Muslims (Christians wanted to gain them back)

Why did the Christians go on crusades in 1096- 1270 to Jerusalem?

To free Palestine and Jerusalem from the Muslims

Why did the crusades became bloodbath?

The Muslims didn’t wanted to give up Jerusalem because of the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the dome of the rock. The Christians conquered Jerusalem (in 1099)
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Why did the Italian cities Genoa & Venice earned a lot of money on the crusades?

Taking crusaders to Palestina by ship: trade flourished. Cities arose there at first because of the trade.

What did the Western European learn from the Arabs/ Middle East because of the crusades?

A Revival of science and culture: learning about infectious disease, engineering, and the Arabic numerals.

Besides trade and gaining knowledge, what was another consequence of the crusades?

The Muslim earned from the trade with Europe and took over the crossbow from the European.

Why did the cities arose in Northern Europe (after Southern Europe )?

Mainly due to increase of agriculture yields (toename van landbouw opbrengsten).

Why did the agricultural yield increase in the Northern Europe?

More wastelands to use. Due to the introduction of the yoke (juk) and the plough (ploeg) -> better uses of horses and oxen (runderen) -> more food -> surplus (overvloed) -> trade at markets -> villages-> became cities

Why did people flock (stroomde) to the cities?

Because of wealth and because slaves and farmers where free there -> they came to work there. Cities where safe places.

Why is trade an important function of cities?

Without trade there isn’t any city.

Why did people go to cities?

Because city dwellers were free there, because of their wealth, they had jobs and it was safe there.

Why did the guilds lay down rules and regulation in there constitution?

So that they: - tried to prevent competition
-support each other In case of death or Illness
-contribute to the army of city
-train new craftsman
-to limit the number of craftsman (if there was a small city there couldn’t be to much craftsman)

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