Summary: Memory | 9781138326071 | Alan Baddeley, et al

Read the summary and the most important questions on Memory | 9781138326071 | Alan Baddeley; Michael W. Eysenck; Michael C. Anderson

• 1 What is Memory?

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• Short-term memory (STM)

  A term applied to the retention of small amounts of material over periods of a few seconds

• Long-term memory (LTM)

  A system or systems assumed to underpin the capacity to store information over long periods of time

• Explicit/declarative memory

  Memory that is open to intentional retrieval, whether based on recollecting personal events (episodic memory) or facts (semantic memory)

• Implicit/nondeclarative memory

  Retrieval of information from long-term memory through performance rather than explicit conscious recall or recognition

• Mental time travel

  A term coined by Tulving to emphasize the way in which episodic memory allows us to relive the past and use this information to imagine the future

• 2 Memory and the Brain

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• Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

  Caused by a blow or jolt to the head, or by a penetrating head injury. Normal brain function is disrupted. Severity ranges from mild (brief change in mental status or consciousness) to severe (extended period of unconsciousness or amnesia after the injury)

• Alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome

  Patients have difficulty learning new information, although events from the past are recalled. There is a tendency to invent material to fill memory blanks. Most common cause is alcoholism, especially when this has resulted in a deficiency of vitamin B1

• Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

  A technique in which magnetic pulses briefly disrupt the functioning of a given brain area; administration of several pulses in rapid succession is known as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

• Event-related potentials (ERPs)

  The pattern of electroencephalograph (EEG) activity obtained by averaging the brain responses to the same stimulus (or similar stimuli) presented repeatedly

• Positron emission tomography (PET)

  A method whereby radioactively labeled substances are introduced into the bloodstream and subsequently monitored to measure physiological activation