Zenuwstelsel en Zintuigen - Phys : Nerve cells and electrical signalling

9 important questions on Zenuwstelsel en Zintuigen - Phys : Nerve cells and electrical signalling

What are the somatic senses and the special senses?

The somatic senses are associated to the skin, muscles and joints and the special senses are hearing, vision, equilibrium, smell and taste.

What are the two cell classes of the nervous system?

Glial cells and neurons. Neurons are exitable cells that are able to produce action potentials and Glial cells are 90% of the total nervoussystem cells and provide support to the neurons (structural and metabolic).

 

What do neurons consist of?

A cell body (cell nucleus and most of the organells and carrys out functions such as protein synthesis and cellular metabolism), and axon (/nerve fiber, sends information) and dendrite(s) (branch from the cell body and receive information from synapses).
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What are the parts of an axon?

Collaterals are the branches of the axon, the axon hillock is the beginning (originates from the cell body) of the axon and the axon terminal the end (where the neurotransmitters are released).

Difference presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell?

Presynaptic cell is the cell that releases the neurotransmitters and the post is the cell that receives the signal.

What are the three kinds of (ion)channels found in neurons?

Leak channels (no gate, found in the plasma membrane), ligand-gated channels (respond to the binding of a chemical in a receptor, densely found in the dendrites and cell body) and voltage-gated channels (respond to a membrane potential change, potassium, sodium channels and calcium channels (in axons, when open trigger neurotransmitters)).

What are the three functional classes of neurons?

Efferent neurons- transmit info from the CNS to effector organs (including the motor neurons  extending to skeletal muscle and neurons of the autonomic nervous system). (cell body within the CNS)

Afferent neurons- transmit sensory info from sensory receptors or viceral receptors to the CNS. (Cell body outside the CNS)

Interneurons account for 99% of all neurons in the body all in the CNS. they  preform the functions of the CNS.

What are the 5 Glia cell types?

Astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells (the last two forming mylelin insulation and Schwann cells being the only one of the five that are found in the PNS).

How is Alzheimer's disease caused?

the loss of cholinergic neurons in certain brainareas and the formation of plaques. Astrocytes and microglia become overly active and release inflamitory chemicals that enhance the degeneration of cholinergic neurons.

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