Zenuwstelsel en Zintuigen - Phys : The nrevous system: CNS

7 important questions on Zenuwstelsel en Zintuigen - Phys : The nrevous system: CNS

What is the difference between a normal capillary and one of the brain?

The endothelial cells of the bloodbrainbarrier are surrounded by astrocytes and stimulate these cells to develop and maintain the tight junctions. These tight junctions make sure that proteins cannot cross the barrier because transcytosis does not occur in the braincapillaries. Hydrophillic sulutes are free to transfer between the cells in a normal capillary but need to be transferred by carrier mediated transport in the BBB. Gasses and other hyrophobic molecules diffuse easily, hydrophilic substances such as ions, carbohydrates and amino acids need mediated transport by selective proteins (glucose is always allowed, insulin, amino acids, choline, and aspirin).

What are the groups of the spinalcord nerves called?

Cervical nerves (8 pairs), thoratic nerves (12 pairs), lumbar nerves (5 pairs), sacral nerves (5 pairs) and coccygeal nerve.

How is the grey matter in the spinal cord arranged?

It is organized in a dorsal and a ventral side, including a dorsal and a ventral horn on each side. Afferent fibers terminate in the dorsal horn and efferent fibers originate in the ventral horn. The bundels containing the afferent axons are the dorsal roots and the bundles containing the efferent axons are called the ventral roots. These then come together to form a spinal nerve.
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What does the whitematter in the spinal cord do?

consists of tracks that provide communication between the different levels of the spinal cord or between the rbain and the levels of the spinal cord. Ascending tracks transmit from spinalcord to brain and descending tracks from the brain to the spinal cord.

How is the cerebral cortex organized?

Into 4 lobes, the frontal lobe (primary motor cortex), parietal lobe (primary somatosensory cortex)(separated by the central sulcus), the occipital lobe (visual cortex) and the temporal lobe (auditory cortex)(seperated by the lateral suclus).

What does the limbic system do?

`Functions in motivation, basic instincts, memory and emotions. It includes the amygdala, hippocampus (learning and memory), fornix and cingulate and parahippocampal gyri of the cerebral cortex.

What four reflex groups are there?

Spinal of cranial, somatic of autonomic, innate of conditioned, monosynaptic of polysynaptic.

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