Summary: Metafysica

Read the summary and the most important questions on Metafysica

• 1 Week 1 General Introduction

• 1.1 Mijn lesaantekeningen

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• What work is Merleau Ponty famous for?

  On perception - every consciousness is perceptive consciousness
  On embodiment 
  The criticism of the central role of the subject, the ego, and consciousness in classical philosophy
  The criticism of absolute idealist theories in metaphysics as well as in practical and political philosophy

• 2 Week 2 General Introduction

• 2.1 Les aantekeningen

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• What three things does phenomenology study?

  - The way a subject can perceive, conceive, imagine
  - The essential structures that make thought and knowledge possible. (transcendental philosophy)
  - The world itself as being essentially that which can be thought, perceived, conceived

• What are the two steps of phenomenological reduction?

  First step: the epoché - bracketing of the realistic prejudice: I decide not to put forward any assertions regarding the being or the non-being of things and of the world.
  Second step: reflection and re-duction (to lead back/ again) to the transcendental ego.

• What was Descartes mistake according to Husserl/ MP?

  Descartes thought he had to bring the world back after asserting his existence, but the world was never gone. By questioning the world, he already meant and ascertained it.

• What is the difference between Husserl's transcendental ego and Heidegger's Dasein?

  Dasein is not an all encompassing and absolute mind. Dasein is still centered within that being. Possibilities and projects are situated with the empirical ego.

• What is MP's critique of the empiricists and the intellectualists(rationalists)?

  Both groups are thinking in theory of things

• 3 Week 3 Primacy of Perception & The war has taken place

• 3.1 Mijn lesaantekeningen

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• MP defines two possible theories regarding  perceptions: what are these opposite theories?

  Sensationalism - where every sensed reality is unique and cannot be communicated.
  Intellectualism - where perception is an inspection of the mind and the perceived object is an idea.

• Why does MP discard both theories of intellectualism and sensationalism on account of not agreeing with our experience?

  Primordial communications: we always find tools to communicate the world with each other, but we often mean different things and have miscommunications. So there is no perfect community of spirits, there is an infinity of particular, situated consciousnesses.

• What is the objection to taking perception as primary by some colleagues?

  Claiming that every consciousness is perceptive consciousness, that the ultimate form of thought has to be defined as perception, leads to a form of relativism and contradictions. It would merely be a subject of psychology and that is only a small part of the search to truth of the sciences.

• What does MP reply to the objection that putting perception primary leads to contradictions?

  To try to overcome and deny contradiction is to deny a whole dimension of our world. Even science has a history of struggle, being challenged by the facts. You will always start and return to perceptions. Contradictions are an integral part of being and this makes perception an ontological issue, not a psychological one.