Qualitative and Critical Research

8 important questions on Qualitative and Critical Research

What is critical research?

Research that allows us to illuminate, inquire, uncover and understand a certain topic. It is about not taking basic knowledge for granted

What is institutional ethnography?

A sociological method of inquiry

What are the positions of qualitative research?

Role of theory: inductive - building a theory
Ontological position: Constructivism
Epistemological position - Interpretivism & critical realism
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What are the positions of quantitative research?

Role of theory: deductive - testing theory
Ontological position: objectivism
Epistemological position: positivism

What are the most typical forms of qualitative data?

1. Images
2. Sound
3. Text

What are the 3 types of text analysis?

1. Thematic analysis - looking for patterns/organising information into categories
2. Conversation analysis - seeks to understand how people use language in everyday life. Very close to linguistics
3. Discourse analysis - focuses on construction of meaning, trying to reveal hidden or unspoken elements

What factors need to be included in high quality qualitative research?

1. Thick description (rich description of events) in order to provide a key for generalisation
2. Triangulation of data, researcher, theory, method and if possible environment
3. Transparency (stating coding procedure and researcher's role)
4. Saturation (stage in which any additional data collected provides few, if any new insights)

What are the 4 most common errors in qualitative research?

1. Having a quantitative mindset, causing the researcher to focus on reporting numbers instead of interpreting them.
2. Having a descriptive mindset, when researcher is focused on describing instead of analysing
3. Not having done a priori research, which causes a lack of background knowledge on subject
4. Lacking transparency, themes may appear, but how they appeared is not clear

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