Decision making by individuals and firms

5 important questions on Decision making by individuals and firms

What does the opportunity cost include? What is its formula, and what other things does it include

  • It states that the cost of a decision isn't just the monetary value to obtain that decision, but also the time and resources used up to fulfill that decision.
  • The opportunity cost is the Explicit cost plus the implicit cost.
  • should include any of my own resources for the activity.

What is the cost that people should ignore when making decisions? Why should they be ignored?

  • Sunk costs are the costs that people should ignore when making decisions
  • this is because the sunk costs has already occurred as the name suggests they have already sunk, and cannot be recovered.
  • once something cant be recovered it is irrelevant in making decisions about what to do in the future .

When to consider sunk costs while making decisions about the future? Can they change you future decisions

  • Only consider sunk costs if you have not already made them meaning if those haven't occurred then it is okay to consider them.
  • they might make you change your decision about the future.
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How is it rational to make irrational decisions, that leave people worse off?

This maybe because people make those decision out i=of the influence of unknown factors that would include personal motives

What are the three reasons economists still use models based on rational behavior when people are at times irrational?

  • This is because models for rational behavior still provide predictions about how people behave in MOST markets
  • sometimes the market forces the irrational to become rational, by disciplining their mistakes (irrationality) in the for of significant losses, rationality will win over time, and they will become rational.
  • economists depend on the assumption of rationality for the simple but fundamental reason that it makes modelling so much simpler by generalizing harder and messier models.

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