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Midterm Review

18 important questions on Midterm Review

What is a Sonata Rondo?

Combination of both sonata and rondo formats.
A (TR) B (RTR) A (TR) C (RTR) A (TR) B (RTR) A
T D     T     R             T         T             T

What is a Concerto Grosso?

A non-standardized plan of alternations between a small group of soloists (concertino or principale) and full orchestra (ripieno or concerto). The ripieno sections are called tutti and after the first presentation in tonic appear in related keys.

What is a Concerto?

(First Movement): A modified sonata form in which the exposition is an abbrieviated presentation (in tonic key) for the orchestra alone. The second exposition in is full form with a modulation to the second theme group and is presented by the soloist(s) and orchestra. This procedure is referred to as a double exposition. Another feature is this modified sonata form is the cadenza, a virtuoso display for the soloist(s) alone, that typically occurs towards the end of the recapitulation. In the common practice period the cadenza is preceded by an orchestral passage that ends on a 16 chord.
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What are some of the components of variations?

  1. Form
  2. Harmony
  3. Melody
  4. Meter
  5. Surface Rhythm
  6. Color (timbre, orchestration, etc.)
  7. Tonality
  8. Tempo
  9. Dynamics
  10. Texture (imitative, homophonic, etc.)
  11. Character (waltz, march, siciliano, etc.)

What is a Double Variation?

  1. Two theme type
  2. Variation on variation


a type of theme and variations that employs two themes

What is a Baroque Suite?

  1. Same key for all movements
  2. Occasional use of common motive throughout (Variation Suite).
  3. Occasional use of an extra-musical subject.
  4. Intermovement organization by tempo, structure, dynamics, etc.


(also known as a partita or sonata)

Form of Individual Movements of Baroque Suites

  1. Binary
  2. Rounded binary
  3. Compound Ternary (dances paired in alternativo style).

What is the typical plan of a Baroque Suite?

Allemande(A) Courante(C) Sarabande(S) Gigue(G) Optional(O)

Titles of Baroque Suites

  1. Suite
  2. Partitas (Italian)
  3. Parthis, Partie (German)
  4. Lessons (English)
  5. Ordre (French)

What is a Ground Bass?









  1. a short theme, usually in the bass, that is constantly repeated as the other parts of the music vary.

What are the Characteristics of a Ground Bass Line?

Bass Line Characteristics
1.Triple meter.
2.4-8 measures.
3.Harmonically open; usually ending on V.
4.Presented at the same pitch level throughout.
5.Presented at the beginning unaccompanied or very simply accompanied.

What is a Passacaglia?

it is based on a bass-ostinato and written in triple metre. It is a type of ground bass.

What is a Chaconne?

Similar to Ground Bass but is considered a repeating harmonic progression rather than a specific bass line.

a composition in a series of varying sections in slow triple time, typically over a short repeated bass theme.

What is a Ostinato?

A musical figure that is repeated persistently throughout or during a section of a composition. It is usually repeated without pitch modification.

What is a Fugue?

Fugue is a process not a form. It consists of three main components:
  1. Exposition of the subject material
  2. Tonal variation with subject recurrence in single entries or groups (MiddleEntries) usually interspersed with episodes that develop materials from the exposition.
The return to tonic (recapitulation) with the subject occurring in tonic at least once (Final Entry).

What are some of the developmental devices applied to Fugue subjects?

RHYTHMIC:
  1. Augmentation: Proportionate lengthening of original note values.
  2. Diminution: Reverse of augmentation.
PITCH:
  1. Mirror: The intervallic inversion of the subject.
  2. Retrograde: The reverse playing of the subject.
  3. Stretto: The overlapping of subject entries. Typically this appears in the final section of the fugue. Stretto may be complete or partial (mock stretto).

What are the possible Inverted Counterpoint Levels?

At the octave: One voice has been transposed an octave (up or down) while the other voice remains stationary.
At the 10th: One voice has been transposed a 10th (up or down) while the other voice remains stationary.
At the 12th: One voice has been transposed a 12th (up or down) while the other voice remains stationary.
At the 15th: One voice has been transposed two octaves (up or down) while the other voice remains stationary. The intervals are the same as the table for invertible counterpoint at the octave.

What is a Canon?

A composition (or section of a larger composition) with strict prolonged imitation between two voices. The initial voice is called the dux or proposta. The second voice, the follower, is called the comes or risposta. Canons are referred to in how the voices are related in time and pitch, ie: A canon at the octave, a measure apart.

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