Midterm Study Cards

20 important questions on Midterm Study Cards

What cranial nerves carry impulses from taste buds to hypothalamus/limbic system?

VII, Ix, and X

Where does olfactory system directly link?

limbic system

Transverse cerebral fissure

separates cerebral hemispheres from cerebellum
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Anterior association area

frontal lobe, personality, recall, judgement...

Posterior association area

encompasses temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, helps recognize patterns/faces, binds sensory input into a whole

Cerebral white matter

responsible for communication between cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex and lower CNS centers, consists of myelinated fibers bundled into large tracts, classified by the direction they run

Superior colliculi or corpora quadrigemina

visual reflex centers, coordinate head and eye movement

Inferior colliculi of corpora quadrigemina

part of auditory relay and acts reflexively to sound

Middle cerebral peduncles

advise cerebellum of voluntary motor activities initiated by motor cortex

Inferior cerebral peduncles

convey sensory information

Reticular activation system (RAS)

keeps you alert, filters out repetitive signals

Things that transfer STM into LTM

emotional state, rehearsal, association, automatic memory

Four stages of consciousness

alertness, drowsiness, stupor, coma

Ventral (anterior) horns

house somatic motor neurons that send axons to skeletal muscle

Dorsal (posterior) horns

consist of interneurons

Descending pathways and tracts

deliver efferent impulses from brain to the spinal cord

Indirect corticospinal tracts

have multiple neurons, multiple complex pathways and are involved with maintaining muscle tone, reticulospinal tract and vestibulospinal tract

Direct corticospinal tracts

originate in primary motor cortex, involves two neurons and crosses over pyramids of medulla or spinal cord levels

NREM sleep (non-rapid eye movement)

breathing and heart rate slow, muscles relax, but maintain some tone

REM sleep (rapid eye movement)

irregular heart beat, postural muscles relax, low voltage ECG

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