Microbiota in health and disease
15 important questions on Microbiota in health and disease
Why is protein fermentation often considered to have a negative impact on our colonic tissue?
What common features can be said about newborn babies with respect to the microbiotal composition?
Immediately afterwards, strict anaerobes start to colonize, bifidobacteria are in general dominantly present.
After weaning, the numbers of bifidobacteria decline and the microbiota function seems to become less chaotic.
Is microbiota similar in time/individuals?
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Explain "Dollo's law of irreversibility".
Why seems enterotypes like a feasible hypothesis?
What was the result when they compared conventional mice with germ-free mice in relation to obesity?
What is the difference in Bacteriodetes/Firmicutes ratio between lean and obese mice?
What are the proposed mechanisms of the impact of microbiota on obesity?
2. Inactivation AMP activated protein kinase -> suppression FAO.
3. Signalling microbiota -> promoting low grade pro-inflammatory state.
4. Production SCFA -> energy fuel and regulating transit time and bowel movement via G-protein receptors and enteroendocrine peptide YY.
Please explain the link between obesity and insulin sensitivity.
What are the three subtypes of IBS?
IBS-C: Constipation predominant
IBS-N: Mixed defecation (most common)
What did O'Mahony and colleagues demonstrated? And Kajander et al?
It is thought that this strain modulated the immune response in IBS parients by normalizing cytokine IL10/IL12 ratio, which was found abnormal in IBS population.
Kajander found that an intervention with multispecies probiotic significantly decreased IBS symptoms. Micorbiota composition was stabilized.
There is no uniform correlation between microbiota and IBS in different studies. Name 6 possible explanations.
2. Number of subjects per study is limited.
3. Single snaphop of microbiota vs chronic characteristic IBS -> more samples in time are needed.
4. Improvement subtyping of IBS patients needed.
5. Enterotype-specific impact?
6. Microbiota analytic tools are different.
How can C. difficile be harmful and what treatment has a high succesrate?
Name a model for the impact of bacteria.
What are some common features of microbiota in health and disease?
- Composition microbiota often reduced in diversity and unstable in disease.
- Composition microbiota different in structure compared to healthy individuals.
- Difficult to assign specific microbes to disease.
1. studies have different contradicting observations.
2. in case of correlation; microbe cause or consequence of disease?
3. confounders (use medication etc)
- Microbiota transplantation outcome?
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