Therapy of renal tubulopathies

8 important questions on Therapy of renal tubulopathies

What is the urine composition?

95% water, 2.5% urea, 2.5% minerals, hormones etc.

How is the volume of the kidney determined?

By salt (NaCl) excretion --> RAS system

Which forms are transport are there in the kidneys & explain them

  1. Paracellular = between cells
    1. Claudin 10 (medulla) --> lets through Na+ (HELIX syndrome)
    2. Claudin 14/16/19 (cortex) --> lets through Mg2+ (FHHNC)
  2. Transcellular = through the cells


Passive transport --> tight junctions (leaky), carriers, channels
Active transport --> primary (Na-K-ATPase), secondary
  • Higher grades + faster learning
  • Never study anything twice
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Discover Study Smart

What does the glomerular filtration system consists of?

  1. Podocytes --> slit diaphragm in between
  2. basal membrane + glycocalyx (- charge)
  3. epithelial cells of the blood

Of what does a bio-artificial kidney consists?

Mainly of cultured proximal tubule cells (from the urine + kidney tissue)

Name the 4 Renal Replacement Therapies (RRT)

  1. Bio-artificial kidney
  2. Stem cells / organoids
  3. whole organ bioengineering
  4. 3D bioprinting

What are the manifestations of drug-induced kidney disease (DIKD) or drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN)

A decrease in the renal function:
  • Acid-base abnormalities
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • proteinuria, pyuria (white blood cells in urine), hematuria
  • Decline in the GFR

How can kidney diseases be diagnosed?

  • urinalysis --> volume, pH, glucose, proteins, cells
  • blood test --> blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine
  • histopathology

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

  • A unique study and practice tool
  • Never study anything twice again
  • Get the grades you hope for
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Remember faster, study better. Scientifically proven.
Trustpilot Logo