Basic concepts - Cardiovascular system

13 important questions on Basic concepts - Cardiovascular system

What are the two circulations of the cardiovascular system?

The pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation

What are the characteristics of the pulmonary circulation?

Low oxygen blood is brought to the lungs to be enriched with oxygen

What are the characteristics of the systemic circulation?

Oxygen rich blood is supplied to the rest of the body, exchanging nutrients and oxygen for co2 and waste materials
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What types of vessels does the blood pass through in one circulation?

Blood leaving the heart is distributed through muscular arteries, which become smaller arterioles. They deliver the oxygenated blood to the capillaries. In a capillary bed the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, waste products and other substances occurs. Blood then goes from the capillary bed to the venuls, which will become large veins. This returns the oxygen deprived blood to the heart

What are the three different linings of blood vessels from inner to outer layer, and what are their characteristics?

Tunica intima; a thin endothelial lining of vessels
Tunica media; a middle layer of smooth muscle
Tunica adventitia; outer connective tissue coat

What are the three different types of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Large elastic arteries
Medium muscular arteries
Small arteries and arterioles

What is the condition hypertension?

High blood pressure that results from above normal levels of firmness in the smooth muscle layer

What are the characteristics of the large elastic arteries?

They have many elastic layers in their walls and the maintenance of blood pressure results from the elasticity of these arteries

What are the characteristics of medium muscular arteries?

They have walls that consist mainly of smooth muscle, and regulate the flow of blood to different parts of the body

What are the characteristics of small arteries and arterioles?

They have narrow openings and thick muscular walls. The pressure is regulated by the firmness of smooth muscle

What are the characteristics of large veins?

They have wide bundles of longitudinal smooth muscle and a well developed tunica adventitia

What are the characteristics of medium veins?

They have valves that allow blood flow but not in reverse direction

What are the characteristics of capillaries?

They are simple endothelial tubes connecting the arterial and venous sides of the circulation

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