Thorax - Thoracic cavity and viscera

17 important questions on Thorax - Thoracic cavity and viscera

What are the three compartments of the thoracic cavity?

Two pulmonary cavities and the mediastinum

What does the pleural sac surrounding each lung consist of?

The visceral and parietal pleura

What does the visceral pleura do and what is its position?

The visceral pleura covers the lungs and adheres to all its surfaces. It is the inner membrane
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What does the parietal pleura cover and what is its position?

It lines the pulmonary cavities, adhering to the thoracic wall, mediastinum and diaphragm. It is the outer membrane

What is the pleural cavity, what is it filled with, and what is its function?

The pleural cavity is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura, which contains pleural fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces. The tension from the fluid provides the contact of the lung surface with the thoracic wall

What are the four parts of the parietal pleura?

Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic and cervical

What does the costal part of the parietal pleura cover?

It covers the internal surface of the thoracic wall (side of the lung cavity

What does the mediastinal part of the parietal pleura cover?

It covers the lateral aspects of the mediastinum

What does the diaphragmatic part of the parietal pleura cover?

It covers the superior surface of the diaphragm on each side of the mediastinum

Which parts does each lung have?

An apex, three surfaces and three borders

What are the three surfaces of the lung and what are they?

The costal surface which is the surface adjacent to the sternum, costal cartilages and rib; the mediastinal surface which is the hilum of the lung, the mediastinum, and the sides of the vertebrae; and the diaphragmatic surface which rests on the dome of the diaphragm

What are the three borders and where are they?

The anterior, inferior and posterior border

What enters and leaves the lung in the hilum?

The main bronchus, pulmonary vessels, bronchial vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

What are the different structures through which air goes, starting from the hilum of the lung?

The main bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

What do the bronchial arteries and bronchial veins carry from where to where?

The bronchial arteries supply well oxygenated blood to the structures in the root of the lungs, the supporting tissues of the lung and the visceral pleura. The bronchial veins drain part of the blood from the lungs

Which structures are contained in the superior mediastinum?

The SVC, brachiocephalic veins, arch of the aorta, thoracic duct, trachea, esophagus, thymus and the vagus nerves

What structures are contained in the middle mediastinum?

The heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, SVC and main bronchi

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